tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1273420646352760832024-03-13T14:39:49.231-07:00Help writing essayowavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.comBlogger152125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-81564222073606521002020-08-24T09:25:00.001-07:002020-08-24T09:25:04.152-07:00How Has Being a Christian Affected the Life EssayHow Has Being a Christian Affected the Life - Essay Example The scientist expresses that until he was around 12 years of age that he started to comprehend why the journey to chapel every week was critical to his folks and before long, what had been a careless and to some degree exhausting routine got essential to him.â Maybe it was on the grounds that the writer was somewhat exhausted in chapel and the Bible was the main perusing material accessible yet paying little heed to the inspirations, he began his own daily practice of perusing the red-letter portions of the New Testament every Sunday. Enchanted by the expressions of Jesus, this propensity advanced to late nighttimes at home and even on the transport to class. The analyst found the expressions of Christ straightforward, to the point and eventually a way to inward satisfaction and joy. His words are, basically, a manual forever. It was during this period in the authorââ¬â¢s life, early high school years, that the soul of God entered his life through the expressions of His Son and this association has become more grounded constantly. The specialist made the change from going to chapel as an issue of custom to being a given Christian bit by bit all through the center school years; while having confidence is surely an advantage. In spite of the fact that the creator knew it wasnââ¬â¢t phenomenal for everybody to have sentiments of clumsiness at this age, this information didn't help calm his own sentiments of deficiency. The specialist wasnââ¬â¢t thought about one of the cool, well known children nor were 99 percent of the understudies yet once more, this numerical reality didn't help either. A large portion of the authorââ¬â¢s companions from chapel went to different schools and the couple of individuals he connected with in grade school had diverse class plans. The specialist felt alone, defenseless and scared. The ââ¬Ëotherââ¬â¢ understudies appeared to be increasingly adult and certain about themselves which was progressively an aftereffect o f his twisted self-observation than a reality in any case this inclination was genuine around then. The specialist didn't feel good advising anybody near him, for example, his folks or his once seven days companions from chapel so the creator took comfort in supplication. It invigorated him internal in a period of self-uncertainty and disarray. Perusing the Bible likewise helped significantly. Other than the exercises and intelligence picked up from its pages, the acknowledgment that Jesus was not a famous figure either and had likewise a little friend network was of some solace. Being a Christian during this season of incredible vulnerability was very beneficial.â It gave the creator something strong in his life to clutch when he required it the most.â owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-18953481596832406632020-08-22T01:01:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:01:28.334-07:00Definition Paper Normal free essay sampleAs I would see it, there Is no unmistakable response to this inquiry. Typical Is a word that Is comparative with reality. Typical Is, and consistently will be, In a steady condition of progress, todays ordinary Is not equivalent to twenty years prior, and It will be distinctive a long time from now. Anyway when you consider the manner in which this word came to fruition, you might be shocked. Ordinary originates from the Latin word normals, which alludes to a craftsmen right point. At the point when you think about a correct edge, it is constantly steady. The word ordinary is additionally gotten from the Latin Norma, which implies a pattern.This is the definition to consider when attempting to arrive at an understanding what typical methods. What ordinary is has been a consistent discussion for a long time, however when attempting to characterize typical a great many people attempt to offer quite certain responses, and that simply won't work. We will compose a custom paper test on Definition Paper: Normal or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page What is typical is continually changing and won't be a similar one year from the following, not in any case one month to the following. To comprehend typical completely we need to comprehend the manner in which our general public ganders at Its self. Ordinary isn't any a certain something, however a mix of a few things. To comprehend the word typical completely we have to break It Into five sections, Fashion, Beliefs, Laws, diversion, and time.In the occasions we live In, individuals endeavor to characterize them selves by demonstrating their activities, dress decisions, and appearance after superstars. They have become the stencils for our general public. Wherever you look, the impact of these individuals can be seen. Anyway is this what ordinary is? It is a piece of it, however it would be all the more precisely characterized as design, or what is at present in style. The conviction frameworks set up give us how we should act, what is moral, what untouchable is and what consistently life resembles. Presently while only one out of every odd one follows by these guidelines, everybody does.However, this Aries in various standards of the world, and in various societies. Thusly, this is additionally what typical Is, however not so much. Laws are a major piece of the word typical. The present laws of a period decide how we can act, and what sort of discipline will follow If we don't hold fast to these laws. Each one must follow these, in contrast to convictions, and If they don't, there will be outcomes. Presently you might be asking your self how amusement connects to these classifications. Diversion is a major piece of any culture, what you accomplish for no particular reason is unquestionably not what individuals completed twenty years ago.Thus, amusement is a major piece of what is viewed as typical. Individuals who played awesome music presently would discover them selves incredibly strange fifty years go. Presently as I have just expressed, typical is a relative word interconnected with existence. As I have clarified, the four different pieces of what ought to be inspected while considering typical are laws, convictions, design, and diversion. Time is the one that integrates them all. With out a feeling of time a meaning of ordinary can't be gotten. The time wherein the other four things are going on genuinely characterizes normal.However, by this definition, It could likewise be said that It Is typical for societies to have standards. Each culture characterizes typical In a totally deferent manner than another, by the by, they utilize a similar arrangement of rules or rules I have sketched out to do as such. Valid. In this way, typical can not be offered a limited response, for instance (its is splendidly typical for multi year old young ladies to have pink and blue hair). The meaning of the word ordinary must disclose to us how to break down a culture and discover the standards. From now on, my meaning of typical is: the design, laws, convictions, and amusement of a particular culture at a given point in time. owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-3122153084943668622020-07-19T10:34:00.001-07:002020-07-19T10:34:02.862-07:00How to boost your academic potential in 4 stepsHow to boost your academic potential in 4 steps How to boost your academic potential in 4 steps? HomeâºTips for StudentsâºHow to boost your academic potential in 4 steps? Tips for StudentsThe pursuit of academic excellence is not a bad of roses and that is the reason why many students give up studying with the idea that intellectual development is not what they are able to successfully deal with. However, this is not always true. Very often it is enough simply to change some of your habits and find learning techniques that best suit you. Qualitycustomessays.com is going to give you some hints on how to do your best as a student:Get organized. Regardless of the kind of a planner you use (either a printed calendar or an online task management service), it is important to schedule all your things-to-do in a way to make the best use of your precious time. It is important to remember that the main purpose of every schedule is to prioritize tasks based on their importance. Note also that some of them are able to change their value, s o learn to adapt your schedule accordingly.Create your ideal learning environment. Whether it is some quiet and well lit room or some other place to distance yourself from all possible distractions, it is important to find a perfect place to stimulate your intellectual growth, for example, in order to work on your academic writing assignment. If to speak about time, be 100% committed to the subject you are studying, but remember the importance of making breaks once in a while. Make sure you devote all your intellectual resources to one issue at a time.Balance studying and other commitments. Contrary to stereotypes about bookworms, the most successful students excel both in classroom as well as in other spheres of life. For example, getting acquainted with your classmates may be as important as getting prepared for your next exam. This will allow you not only to change the scenery a bit, but also to borrow some new learning techniques from your peers. By the way, why not to organize a study group? Those meetings are based on the need as well as driven by the purpose to ace the subject.Last, but not the least important factor to influence your academic potential is to avoid undertaking too much work or too many tasks. Dont take on too much, or you wont be able to do any of it well. If to speak about academic writing, our highly qualified writers always will be of great help for you with your assignments! Benefit from cooperation with us and boost your academic potential! owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-91572304993385850042020-05-21T20:42:00.001-07:002020-05-21T20:42:03.916-07:00Polar Molecule Definition and Examples owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-26006436235191778342020-05-06T23:47:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:47:06.806-07:00Marcus Brutus Shakespeares Tragic Hero in The Tragedy... William Shakespeare illustrates Marcus Brutus as a tragic hero in the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Shakespeare defines tragic hero as a flawed character who has good fortune, and then loses all he has prized, leading to his misfortune, but a tragic hero must have that moment of enlightenment, that moment where a character can see that he caused his own downfall and receives the blame for his own tragedy. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is based on an historical event- the assassination of Julius Caesar; however, the story revolves around the conspirators, not Caesar. The protagonists, Cassius and Brutus, are the main two conspirators: Cassius being the master-mind and Brutus being the face for the conspirators; Cassius tricks Brutusâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Brutusââ¬â¢s character is defined by the people; the bases his decisions and beliefs on the opinions of Roman citizens. Seeking Brutus to be a part of his conspirators, Cassius sends false letters to Brutus pretend ing to be many different, concerned people wanting Caesar out power; Brutus then willingly joins the conspirators under the impression that Caesarââ¬â¢s death is what the people want. To make this venal act morally right with himself he comes up with faulty logic, ââ¬Å"And therefore think him as a serpentââ¬â¢s egg which hatched, would as his kind grow mischievous, and kill him in his shellâ⬠(911). Brutus is trying to justify killing a person, a leader, and his personal friend with this analogy that is not literally correct; not all snakes are evil; some kill other snakes to protect humans. Likewise, Caesar might not have used his power for evil and self-serving deeds; he might have been just what Rome pleaded for to lead. Yet Brutus sacrifices his honorable character for adsurb assurance that he is what the Romans want. After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Brutus speaks to the people and begins with, ââ¬Å"Romans, countrymen, and lovers, hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor and have respect to mine honor, that you may believeâ⬠(947). Brutus is supercilious in saying that the Roman should believe what he has to say, just because he is anShow MoreRelatedDoes Brutus ââ¬Å"Qualifyâ⬠as a Tragic Hero?873 Words à |à 4 PagesDoes Brutus ââ¬Å"qualifyâ⬠as a tragic hero? Marcus Brutus does qualify as the tragic hero in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. A tragic hero is a good or even great man and thus wins our sympathy causing catharsis. A tragic hero displays hamartiaââ¬â the hero makes a mistake causing the downfall of his fortune. A tragic hero usually brings suffering and death to other characters, even a whole country. Finally, a tragic hero goes into a situation in which there is no gettingRead More Marcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essays735 Words à |à 3 PagesMarcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar à à à In many stories there is a tragic hero. The hero finds out about himself and the people around him in the story. In Shakespeares play, Julius Caesar, Marcus Brutus is the tragic hero. The play Julius Caesar is about politics and betrayal in ancient Rome. Brutus is part of the senate, which is below Caesar, who is soon to be crowned. The senate wants to overthrow Caesar to save Rome. To do this the senate has to get BrutusRead MoreMarcus Brutus as a Tragic Hero Essay1002 Words à |à 5 Pages A tragic hero in Shakespearean literature is understood as a noble and heroic character who makes a series of bad decisions based on his bad judgment that leads to his downfall and eventually death. In William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play Julius Caesar, the tragic hero is Marcus Brutus, a powerful Roman senator who joins a conspiracy to assassinate the Roman ruler, Julius Caesar. Marcus Brutus is a tragic hero because of his noble reputation, his moral personality, the cathartic ex perience that the audienceRead MoreA Tragic Hero As Used By Shakespeare. In, ââ¬Å"The Tragedy1657 Words à |à 7 PagesA Tragic Hero as Used by Shakespeare In, ââ¬Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar,â⬠by William Shakespeare, you can see Shakespeareââ¬â¢s use of a tragic hero. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a play about how Marcus Brutus and Cassius contemplate the murder of the great Julius Caesar. The play discusses the planning of the murder, and the events that follow the catastrophe. Brutus is one of the conspirators in the murdering of Caesar and is also one of his beloved friends. Shakespeare incorporates traditionalRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Marcus Junius Brutus Minor Essay1418 Words à |à 6 Pagesblock October 27, 2015 Tragic hero Marcus Junius Brutus Minor was the son of Marcus Junius Brutus Maior and Servilia Caepionis. His father was killed by Pompey the Great in dubious circumstances after he had taken part in the rebellion of Lepidus; his mother was the half-sister of Cato the Younger, and later Julius Caesar s mistress. Some sources refer to the possibility of Caesar being his real father,despite Caesar s being only 15 years old when Brutus was born. Brutus uncle, Quintus ServiliusRead More Brutus is the Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar Essay858 Words à |à 4 PagesBrutus is the Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar à à à à Shakespeares play Julius Caesar is a tragic play, where the renowned Julius Caesar is on the brink of achieving total control and power by becoming emperor of the Roman Empire. Ironically enough, when he thinks he is one step away from pulling it off, his friends (most from the senate) decide to overthrow him, with Caesars most trusted friend, Marcus Brutus, acting as leader of the conspirators. Though the fall of Caesar from the mostRead MoreShakespeareââ¬â¢S Tragic Hero . William Shakespeare, ââ¬Å" The1492 Words à |à 6 PagesShakespeareââ¬â¢s Tragic Hero William Shakespeare, ââ¬Å" The Bardâ⬠, is one of the most influential figure that shaped the english language. He has wrote some of the most well known poetry and plays. Also he has has a large influence on the english language itself. He added around 5,000 different words that we still use today. Some Shakespeareââ¬â¢s most well known plays are Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar was one of Shakespeare s plays thatRead MoreExamples Of Tragic Hero In Julius Caesar905 Words à |à 4 Pagesbecome a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.â⬠By Shakespearean definition, a tragic hero is someone of high position such as a nobleman, who has hamartia, a tragic flaw that leads to his downfall, and even his demise. This is strongly illustrated in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, where Marcus Brutusââ¬â¢ desire to remain noble and honourable leads him to naivety and self destruction. The plot of the play revolves around removing power from Caesar, causing the inability of Marcus BrutusRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words à |à 7 Pagesonce said ââ¬Å"A man doesnââ¬â¢t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.â⬠These words best describe what a ââ¬Å"Tragic Heroâ⬠is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is ââ¬Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?â⬠This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. There have been countless tragic heroes in the works of William ShakespeareRead MoreJake Beidler. Mrs. Voshell. Honors English 10. 5 May 2017.1444 Words à |à 6 PagesHonors English 10 5 May 2017 The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, more like The Tragedy of Brutus The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is one of the better known, yet lesser understood theater installments by William Shakespeare in the Sixteenth Century. The play was first performed September 21, 1599 in the Globe Theatre in London, England. In the play there are many different and unique characters, some complex, some simple. Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger, better known as Brutus, is one of the characters in the owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-84685578162086008922020-05-06T08:33:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:33:19.737-07:00The Inertial Navigation System Engineering Essay Free Essays This study serves as a brief overview of Inertial pilotage Systems ( INS ) in regard of aircraft industry. Modern INS outdated all other pilotage systems so far. These consist of a set of gyros and accelerometers which measure the aircraft ââ¬Ës angular and additive gesture and work with a computer science system which computes aircraft ââ¬Ës header and attitude from the gyro and accelerometer end products, given that, initial place and speed of the aircraft are provided from another beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inertial Navigation System Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Different types of gyroscopes and accelerometers, followed by their mechanism, mistakes and the ways to get the better of those mistakes are explained in this study. Introduction Inertial pilotage is the procedure of set uping the place, speed, heading and attitude of a vehicle utilizing information derived from internal detectors. The operation of inertial detectors depends upon the Torahs of classical mechanics as formulated by Sir Isaac Newton which states that the gesture of a organic structure will go on uniformly in a consecutive line until disturbed by an external force moving on the organic structure. The jurisprudence besides tells us that this force will bring forth a relative acceleration of the organic structure. Inertial measurement units ( IMU ) normally contains three extraneous rate- gyroscopes and accelerometers mensurating angular speed and additive acceleration severally comparative to a known starting point, speed and orientation utilizing Newton ââ¬Ës jurisprudence. Hence, Inertial pilotage is the procedure whereby the measurings provided by gyroscopes and accelerometers are used to find the place of the vehicle in which they are installed. By uniting the two sets of measurings, it is possible to specify the translational gesture of the vehicle within the inertial mention frame and so to cipher its place within it. INS was foremost used on projectiles in the 1940 ââ¬Ës. In 1996, inertial pilotage systems were widely used in military vehicles. Many ships, pigboats, guided missiles, infinite vehicles and all modern military are equipped with INS due to its unsusceptibility. Inertial pilotage system agreement INS uses two types of constellation. The lone difference between them is the frame in which the detectors operate. Both of them are described below. Stabilised platform Inertial pilotage engineering originally used stable platform techniques. In this constellation, inertial detectors are mounted on a platform. The platform is isolated from the rotational gesture of the vehicle utilizing a figure of gimbals arranged to supply at least three grades of rotational freedom. The motion of these gimbals is controlled by torsion motors. Those motors are activated by information provided by gyroscopes as it detects any platform rotary motion. Therefore, the platform is kept aligned with the planetary frame. Figure 1: Writers illustration of block diagram of stabilized platform Strapdown systems In this system, the inertial detectors are strapped straight on the aircraft organic structure and are non isolated from its angular gesture. Therefore, gimballed platform is non required for this system. But, it uses a computing machine to set up and decide the inertial informations which reduces the mechanical complexness of the system. Gyroscope Definition A gyroscope is a device which acts as a revolving organic structure and therefore step or maintains orientation, based on the rules of preservation of angular impulse. It is used in assorted applications to feel either the angle turned through by an aircraft or more normally, its angular rate of bend about some defined axis. A modern gyroscope can carry through each of the undertakings stated below: Stabilization Autopilot feedback Flight way detector or platform stabilisation Navigation Figure 2: Writers illustration of gimballed gyroscope. Cardinal Principles: There are several phenomena on which the operation of gyroscope depends but it normally exhibits three cardinal belongingss, viz. gyroscopic inactiveness, angular impulse and precession. Gyroscopic Inertia: Gyroscopic inactiveness is cardinal to the operation of all whirling mass gyroscopes, as it defines a way in infinite that remains fixed in the inertial mention frame, that is, fixed in relation to a system of co-ordinates which do non speed up with regard to the ââ¬Ëfixed stars ââ¬Ë . [ 1 ] The constitution of a fixed way enables rotary motion to be detected, by doing mention to this fixed way. The rotary motion of an inertial component generates an angular impulse vector which remains fixed in infinite, given flawlessness in the building of gyroscope. Angular impulse: Angular impulse is defined by the distribution of mass on a rotor every bit good as by its angular speed. The angular impulse ( H ) of a revolving organic structure is the merchandise of its minute of inactiveness ( I ) and its angular speed ( Iâ⬠° ) , that is, H = IIâ⬠° Where I is the amount of the merchandises of the mass elements that make up the rotor and the square of their distances from the given axis. Precession: Precession is the rotary motion of the gimbals, comparative to inertial infinite. This rotary motion is produced jointly by the angular impulse of the revolving organic structure and the applied force. In the instance of a freely whirling organic structure, such as the Earth ( or the rotary motion of an electrostatic gyroscope ) , there is non a stuff frame with spin bearings. In this instance, the precession must be considered to be that of the axis system which an fanciful gimbal would hold ââ¬â one axis through the North and south poles, and two reciprocally extraneous in the plane of the Equator. Mechanical Gyroscope: A mechanical gyroscope calculates orientation based on the rule of preservation of the angular impulse. The phonograph record is mounted on a frame to minimise the external minutes ( i.e. due to clash ) . This allows the mark to turn around the phonograph record without doing any alteration in the way of its axis. The orientation of the mark so can be computed from the angles shown by rotational encoders mounted on the frame. Each gyroscope gives us one mention axis in infinite. At least two gyroscopes are needed to happen the orientation of an object in infinite. Figure 3: Writers illustration of mechanical gyroscope. Advantage A ; disadvantages of mechanical gyroscopes: Main advantage of this trailing system is that it does non necessitate any external mention to work. [ 2 ] Because the axis of the revolving wheel Acts of the Apostless as the mention. The drawback of this system is its constellation. Because of the traveling parts doing clash, the inertial impulse of the wheel does non stay parallel to the axis of rotary motion. This causes a impetus in the way of the wheel axis with clip. Taking comparative measurings of the orientation instead than absolute measurings can minimise this impetus. As a effect, the system suffers from accrued numerical mistakes but a periodic re-calibration of the system will see, more truth over clip. Lubricants are used to minimise the clash which increase the cost of the device. Solid province gyroscopes The term ââ¬ËSolid province ââ¬Ë bases for an electronic device in which the flow of electrical current is through solid stuff and non through a vacuity. So solid province gyroscopes use flow of electric current through solid stuff to mensurate orientation of the affiliated object. Sagnac Effect Discovered in 1913, the Sagnac consequence [ 3 ] found its first practical application several decennaries ago in the ring optical maser gyroscope ( RLG ) , now used extensively in commercial inertial pilotage systems for aircraft. But, since this execution requires high vacuity and preciseness mirror engineering, cost has been a factor restricting its application. ââ¬ËSagnac consequence ââ¬Ë plays a critical function in solid province gyroscopes which is named after the Gallic physicist G.Sagnac. This states that the ensuing difference in the theodolite times for optical maser visible radiation moving ridges going around a closed way in opposite way is relative to the input rotary motion rate. Presents, tonss of solid province gyroscopes are being used in the industry. Largely used gyroscopes are described below: Fibre ocular gyroscopes ( FOG ) Fibre ocular gyroscopes sense angular gesture utilizing intervention of visible radiation. Such devices frequently use the seeable wavelengths, but it can besides run in the close infrared. It is dependent on the formation of a Sagnac interferometer [ 4 ] In its simplest signifier, visible radiation from a wide set beginning is split into two beams that propagate in opposite waies around an optical fiber spiral. These two beams are so combined at a 2nd beam splitter to organize an intervention form where the attendant strength is observed utilizing a photo-detector. The stage Figure 4: Writers illustration of FOG. displacement introduced due to the Sagnac consequence. They are combined when the beams exit the fiber. The ensuing stage difference consequences in a alteration in amplitude of the intervention form formed when the two beams are recombined. 3.4.2.1. Mistakes and mistakes decrease A prejudice or impetus occurs due to alterations in ambient temperature which cause a battalion of effects within the detector. To minimise this mistake, the enlargement coefficient of the fiber and the spiral former should be good matched otherwise differential emphasis will be induced by thermic enlargement which will ensue in measuring mistake. The presence of any isolated magnetic Fieldss can hold several inauspicious effects on the gyroscopes like interaction with non-optical constituents doing Faraday consequence which changes the province of polarisation of the visible radiation in optical fiber. Use of magnetic shielding can understate this job. Ringing optical maser gyroscopes A ring optical maser gyroscope wherein a first and a 2nd optical maser beam propagate with propagating waies different with each other comprises electrode countries on an optical wave guide configuring the ring optical maser and controls an current injected or a electromotive force applied to the electrode countries, wherein the hovering frequences of the first and 2nd optical maser beams are different from each other, thereby doing an addition and a lessening in the all in frequence enabling to observe the way and the velocity of a rotary motion at the same clip. With respects to a method for observing a rotary motion, the anode of the optical maser gyro is connected to an operational amplifier. Since the signal outputted from the operational amplifier has a frequence matching to the angular velocity, it is converted into the electromotive force by a frequency-voltage transition circuit so as to observe a rotary motion [ 5 ] . Mistakes and mistake decrease: The ââ¬ËLock-in ââ¬Ë job should be overcome by the RLG which arises due to imperfectness in the lasing pit, chiefly in mirrors. It causes scale factor mistake which tends to draw the frequences of the two beams together at low rotary motion rates. If the input rate in the RLG beads below a threshold is known as ââ¬ËLock-in rate ââ¬Ë . The two beams lock together at the same frequence ensuing zero end product and a dead zone. This lock-in dead zone is of the order of 0.01 to 0.1 /s compared with 0.01 /hr truth required for an INS. A really effectual method of get the better ofing this job is to automatically dither the optical maser block about the input axis at a typically frequence about 100 Hz with a peak speed of about 100 /s ( matching to amplitude of 1.5 arc 2nd about ) Micro machined silicon gyroscopes ( MEMS ) MEMS gyroscopes are introduced in the modern pilotage system due to their low production cost and really simple constellation. It is build on Coriolis consequence [ 6 ] saying that a object of mass m revolving at angular speed Iâ⬠° traveling with speed V experiences a force, F= 2m ( Iâ⬠° x V ) It contains vibrating elements to mensurate this consequence. A secondary quiver is induced along the perpendicular axis, when the gyroscope is rotated. The angular speed is calculated by mensurating this rotary motion. Mistakes and mistake decrease The major disadvantage of MEMS gyroscopes is that they are really less accurate than optical devices. As engineering improving, this gyroscope are going more and more accurate and dependable. Accelerometer Definition As described before, INS relies upon the measuring of acceleration which can be determined by accelerometer. An accelerometer works on Newton ââ¬Ës 2nd jurisprudence of gesture. A force F moving on a organic structure of mass m causes the organic structure to speed up with regard to inertial infinite. This acceleration ( a ) is given by, F = mom = medium frequency + milligram Where degree Fahrenheit is the acceleration produced by forces other than gravitative field. Mechanical accelerometer: Mechanical accelerometers are chiefly mass ââ¬â spring type devices. INS is utilizing these detectors for long clip. Different building techniques have been implied to utilize in different environments. Figure 5: Writers illustration of accelerometer. Operation rule Mechanical accelerometers can be operated in two different types of constellation: either open or closed cringle constellation. Open cringle constellation A proof mass is suspended in a instance and confined to a zero place by agencies of a spring. Additionally, muffling is applied to give this mass and spring system a realistic response matching to a proper dynamic transportation map. When the accelerations are applied to the instance of the detector, the cogent evidence mass is deflected with regard to its nothing or ââ¬Ënull ââ¬Ë place and the attendant spring force provides the necessary acceleration of the cogent evidence mass to travel it with the instance. For a individual ââ¬â axis detector, the supplanting of the proof mass with regard to its ââ¬Ënull ââ¬Ë place within the instance is relative to the specific force applied along its input. A more accurate version of this type of detector is obtained by nulling the supplanting of the pendulum. , since ââ¬Ënull ââ¬Ë place can be measured more accurately than supplantings. Closed cringle accelerometer The spring is replaced by an electromagnetic device that produces a force on the cogent evidence mass to keep it at its ââ¬Ënull ââ¬Ë place. Normally, a brace of spirals is mounted on the cogent evidence mass within a strong magnetic field. When a warp is sensed, an electric current is passed through the spirals in order to bring forth a force to return the cogent evidence mass to its ââ¬Ënull ââ¬Ë place. Magnitude of the current in the spirals is relative to the specific force sensed along the input axis. Mistakes All accelerometers are subjected to mistakes which limit the truth of the force being measured. The major beginnings of mistake in mechanical mistakes are listed below: Fixed prejudice: this is a prejudice or supplanting from nothing on the measuring of specific force which is present when the applied acceleration is zero. Scale-factor mistakes: This is the mistake in the ratio of a alteration in the end product signal to a alteration in the input acceleration. Cross-coupling mistakes: These mistakes arise as a consequence of fabrication imperfectness. Erroneous accelerometer end products ensuing from accelerometer sensitiveness to accelerations applied normal to the input axis. Solid-state accelerometers Due to those mistakes of mechanical accelerometers, research workers are giving their best attempt to look into assorted phenomena to bring forth a solid-state accelerometer. They came up with assorted types of devices so far, among those surface acoustic moving ridge, Si and quartz devices ( Vibratory devices ) were most successful. Good things about these detectors are that they are little, rugged, dependable and convenient with strapdown applications. These three types of solid-state accelerometers are described below. Surface acoustic moving ridge ( SAW ) accelerometer This is an open-loop instrument which consist of a piezoelectric vitreous silica cantilever beam [ 7 ] which is fixed at one terminal of the instance but chattel at the other terminal, where the cogent evidence mass is stiffly attached. The beam bends reacting to the acceleration applied along the input axis. Due to this, frequence of the SAW is changed. Acceleration can be determined by mensurating the alteration in frequence. Figure 6: Writers illustration of SAW accelerometer. Mistakes and mistake decrease: The effects of temperature and other effects of a temporal nature can be minimised by bring forthing the mention frequence from a 2nd oscillator on the same beam. Lock- in type effects are chiefly prevented by guaranting that this mention signal is at a somewhat different frequence from that used as the ââ¬Ësensitive ââ¬Ë frequence. [ 8 ] Silicon accelerometer Single-crystal Si forms the frame, flexible joints and proof mass. Anodic adhering articulations this piece to metalized wafers which enclose the accelerometer and besides serve as electrodes for feeling proof mass gesture and for rebalancing. Electrostatic focus of the cogent evidence mass obviates the demand for magnetic stuffs and spirals. When the accelerometer is rebalanced utilizing electromotive force forcing, a possible is applied to the pendulum and to one or both electrodes. The electromotive force set up electric Fieldss that induce charge on the nonconducting pendulum. This causes a net force to move on the cogent evidence mass. Therefore, the force generated is a map of the square of the applied electromotive force and of the spread between the pendulum and the electrode. Vibratory devices These are open-loop devices which use quartz crystal engineering. They are consist of a brace of quartz crystal beams, each back uping a proof mass pendulum and are mounted symmetrically back-to-back. When an acceleration is applied, one beam is compressed while the other stretched. Figure 7: Writers illustration of Vibratory accelerometer. The tight beam experienced a lessening in frequence while the stretched one experience the antonym. The difference between these two frequence is straight relative to the acceleration applied. Mistakes and mistake decrease: Most of the mistakes of this detector can be minimized by planing carefully. Alternatively of utilizing one beam, several symmetrically arranged beams can cut down mistakes. Decision Harmonizing to the informations collected within this study, it is clear to see the INS system has helped a batch towards the modernisation of pilotage system. Further betterment in MEMS engineering can open several doors in air power systems. Its high truth and ego contained rate made it immune to any obstruction. Inertial pilotage system has improved a batch in past 5 decennaries. It has helped the air power Industry to better pilotage system and therefore ease the responsibility of pilots. How to cite The Inertial Navigation System Engineering Essay, Essay examples owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-84754776480588598122020-04-26T06:11:00.001-07:002020-04-26T06:11:02.736-07:00The History Of The Internet Analysis Essay Example For Students The History Of The Internet Analysis Essay The History of the InternetGreg Rice4/25/00The Internet has update the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information distribution, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology. Over its fifteen year history, the Internet has functioned as a collaboration among cooperating parties. Certain key functions have been critical for its operation, not the least of which is the specification of the protocols by which the components of the system operate. To get to the origins of the Internet, we have to go back in time to 1957. You probably have no cause to remember, but it was International Geophysical Year, a year dedicated to gathering information about the upper atmosphere during a period of intense solar activity. Eisenhower announced in 1955 that, as part of the activities, the USA hoped to launch a small Earth orbiting sate llite. Then Kremlin announced that it hoped to do likewise. Planning in America was focussed on a sophisticated three stage rocket, but in Russia they took a more direct approach, on 4 October 1957 the USSR launched (a 70 kgs bleeping sphere the size of a medicine ball) into Earth orbit. The effect in the United States was electrifying, since it seemed overnight to wipe out the feeling on invulnerability the country had enjoyed since the explosion of the first nuclear bomb thirteen years before. One of the immediate reactions was the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency within the Ministry of Defense. Its mission was to apply state-of-the-art technology to US defense and to avoid being surprised (again!) by technological advances of the enemy. It was also given interim control of the US satellite program until the creation of NASA in October 1958. ARPA became the technological think-tank of the American defense effort, employing directly a couple of hundred top scientis ts and with a budget sufficient for sub-contracting research to other top American institutions. Although the advanced computing would come to dominate its work, the initial focus of ARPAs activities were on space, ballistic missiles and nuclear test monitoring. Even so, from the start ARPA was interested in communicating between its operational base and its sub-contractors, preferably through direct links between its various computers. In October 1972 ARPANET went public. At the First International Conference on Computers and Communication, held in Washington DC, ARPA scientists demonstrated the system in operation, linking computers together from 40 different locations. This stimulated further research in scientific community throughout the Western World. Soon other networks would appear. We will write a custom essay on The History Of The Internet Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Here we have the first true computer network. Since it is all still fairly basic, it is worth considering the underlying principles have basically remained the same (even if they, mercifully, operate far faster and look much prettier). We start off with a passive terminal and an active host, a keyboard and a computer. They are linked together by a cable. By typing in commands recognized by a computer, you can use the programs stored in its computer, access its files (and modify them and print them out as desired). Most people can envisage this arrangement within a single building, or complex of buildings. The original ARPANET grew into the Internet. The Internet was based on the idea that there would be multiple independent networks of rather arbitrary design, beginning with the ARPANET as the pioneering packet switching network, but soon to include packet satellite networks, ground-based packet radio networks and other networks. The Internet as we now know it embodies a key underlyi ng technical idea, namely that of open architecture networking. In this approach, the choice of any individual network technology was not dictated by a particular network architecture but rather could be selected freely by a provider and made to interwork with the other networks through a meta-level Internetworking Architecture. Up until that time there was only one general method for federating networks. This was the traditional circuit switching method where networks would interconnect at the circuit level, passing individual bits on a synchronous basis along a portion of an end-to-end circuit between a pair of end locations. Recall that Kleinrock had shown in 1961 that packet switching was a more efficient switching method. Along with packet switching, special purpose interconnection arrangements between networks were another possibility. While there were other limited ways to interconnect different networks, they required that one be used as a component of the other, rather than acting as a peer of the other in offering end-to-end service. .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .postImageUrl , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:hover , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:visited , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:active { border:0!important; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:active , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Family Values EssayIn order to access another computer, at a completely different facility, we have first to reach it. This was usually done in these times over a (high speed) telephone line (or lines). Once you arrive at the new host you have to convince it to treat you in the same way as someone behind a terminal within its own system. Hence the need of an interface message processor (IMP) and for the same IMP to be installed in both computers! Now you can access its files. Of course, order to preserve confidentiality, all computers differentiated between open files and those that were password protected. So far, the nets development was almost entirely science-led. All this time, however, we must remember that parallel advances in computer capacities and speeds (not to mention the introduction of glass-fiber cables into communications networks) were enabling the system to expand. This expansion, in its turn, started to produce supply constraints, which stimulated further advances. By the early 1980s, when the internet proper started operation, it was already beginning to face problems created by its own success. First, there were more computer hosts linked to the net than had originally been envisaged (in 1984 the number of hosts topped 1000 for the first time) and, second, the volume of traffic per host was much larger (mainly because of the phenomenal success of e-mail). Increasingly predictions were voiced that the entire system would eventually grind to a halt. The World Wide Web is a network of sites that can be searched and retrieved by a special protocol known as a Hypertext Transfer protocol (HTTP). The protocol simplified the writing of a ddresses and automatically searched the internet for the address indicated and automatically called up the document for viewing. Designed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee and scientists at CERN (Geneva), the European center for High Energy Physics, who were interested in making easier to retrieve research documentation. A year later he had developed a browser/editor program and had coined the name World Wide Web as a name for the program. The program is released free on an ftp site. This doesnt sound very dramatic but anyone used to the hassle of getting documents previously will testify that it represented a major leap forward. Once the entire dial- and retrieve-language had been simplified, the next step was to design an improved browser, a system which allowed the links to be hidden behind text (using a Hypertext Markup Language, HTML) and activated by a click with the mouse. The Internet has become a test bed for development of other protocols. Since there was no lower level OSI infrastructure available, Marshall Rose proposed that the Internet could be used to try out X.400 and X.500. In RFC 1006, he proposed that we emulate TP0 on top of TCP, and so there was a conscious decision to help higher-level OSI protocols to be deployed in live environments before the lower-level protocols were available. It seems likely that the Internet will continue to be the environment of choice for the deployment of new protocols and for the linking of diverse systems in the academic, government, and business sectors for the remainder of this decade and well into the next. ;#61623; The Internet Activities Board, Vinton Cerf ; May 1990;#61623; Charter of the Internet Architecture Board; C. Huitema; Mar. 1994. ;#61623; The Internet Standards Process Revision 3; S. Bradner; 9 Oct. 1996. Category: Technology owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-18546303662058111912020-03-18T17:22:00.001-07:002020-03-18T17:22:02.559-07:00Huck Finns Journey to Morality essaysHuck Finns Journey to Morality essays Huckleberry Finns Journey to Morality In Mark Twains novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn we see through the eyes of a brilliant child, the prejudice world he lives in, and the reality that is thrown at him in his journey down the Mississippi River. He learns to see the true society he is a part of by encountering many different characters. These characters will unknowingly turn this innocent and perceptive young boy into a moral-based and caring young man. Miss Watson tries to show Huck the good of Christianity, while the King and Duke prove to him that there are always some people left in the world who are inhumane. With both of these influences, Hucks morals become as strong as they possibly can. He goes against society to save a man whom he never considered would be a friend for life. Huck is unable to grasp Miss Watsons religion. He does not care for the past and takes ...no stock in dead people(Twain 4). Miss Watson tells Huck that if he prays for something, he will get it. Huck tests the theory and is let down. He says, It warnt so. I tried it. Once I got a fish-line, but no hooks. I tried for the hooks three times, but somehow I couldnt make it work (Twain 12). The hypocrisy is that Huck prays for the hooks, does not receive them, and wonders why. What he does not realize is that he cannot pretend to act like he understands the whole concept, and expect to receive the hooks. After Huck is taken by his father and escapes down the river, he gets hungry, and bread reaches him down the river. Huck thinks the bread is sent to him because of Miss Watsons prayers. He realizes he may not understand it all but says, ...theres something in it when a body like the widow or the parson prays, but it dont work for me, and I reckon it dont work for only just the ri ght kind(Twain 37). Continuing on his way with Jim, Huck ... owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-54911949768991198502020-03-02T09:08:00.001-08:002020-03-02T09:08:03.904-08:00A Profile of the Bonnethead SharkA Profile of the Bonnethead Shark The bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), also known as the bonnet shark, bonnet nose shark, and shovelhead shark is one of nine species of hammerhead sharks. These sharks all have a unique hammer or shovel-shaped heads. The bonnethead has a shovel-shaped head with a smooth edge. The head shape of the bonnethead may help it more easily find prey. A 2009 study found that bonnethead sharks have a nearly 360-degree vision and excellent depth perception. These are social sharks that are most often found in groups numbering from 3 up to 15 sharks. More About the Bonnethead Shark Bonnethead sharks are about 2 feet long on average and grow to a maximum length of about 5 feet. Females typically are larger than males. Bonnetheads have a grayish-brown or gray back that often has dark spots and a white underside. These sharks need to swim continuously to supply fresh oxygen to their gills. Classifying the Bonnethead Shark The following is the scientific classification of the bonnethead shark: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ElasmobranchiiSubclass: NeoselachiiInfraclass: SelachiiSuperorder: GaleomorphiOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: SphyrnidaeGenus: SphyrnaSpecies: tiburo Habitat and Distribution Bonnethead sharks are found in subtropical waters in the Western Atlantic Ocean from South Carolina to Brazil, in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico and in the Eastern Pacific Ocean from southern California to Ecuador. They live in shallow bays and estuaries. Bonnethead sharks prefer water temperatures over 70à F and make seasonal migrations to warmer waters during the winter months. During these trips, they may travel in large groups of thousands of sharks. As an example of their travels, in the U.S. they are found off the Carolinas and Georgia in the summer, and further south off Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico during the spring, fall and winter. How the Sharks Feed Bonnethead sharks eat primarily crustaceans (especially blue crabs), but will also eat small fish, bivalves, and cephalopods. Bonnetheads feed mostly in the daytime. They swim slowly toward their prey, and then quickly attack the prey, and crush it with their teeth. These sharks have a unique two-phase jaw closing. Instead of biting their prey and stopping once their jaw is closed, bonnetheads continue to bite their prey during their second phase of jaw closing. This increases their ability to specialize in hard prey, like crabs. After their prey is crushed, it is suctioned into the sharks esophagus. Shark Reproduction Bonnethead sharks are found in groups organized by gender as spawning season approaches. These sharks are viviparous... meaning that they give birth to live young in shallow waters after a 4- to 5-month gestation period, which is the shortest known for all sharks. The embryos are nourished by a yolk sac placenta (a yolk sac attached to the mothers uterine wall). During development inside the mother, the uterus becomes separated into compartments that house each embryo and its yolk sac. There are 4 to 16 pups born in each litter. The pups are about 1 foot long and weigh about half a pound when born. Shark Attacks Bonnethead sharks are considered harmless to humans. Conserving Sharks Bonnethead sharks are listed as least concern by the IUCN Red List, which says that they have one of highest population growth rates calculated for sharks and that despite fishing, the species is abundant. These sharks may be caught for display in aquariums and used for human consumption and for making fishmeal. References and Further Information Bester, Cathleen. Bonnethead. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed July 4, 2012.Cortà ©s, E. 2005. Sphyrna tiburo. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Accessed July 3, 2012.Carpenter, K.E. Sphyrna tiburo: Bonnethead. Accessed July 4, 2012.Compagno, L., Dando, M. and S. Fowler. 2005. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press.Krupa, D. 2002. Why the Hammerhead Sharks Head is In the Shape Its In. American Physiological Society. Accessed June 30, 2012.Viegas, J. 2009. Scalloped Hammerhead and Bonnethead Sharks have 360 Degree Vision. Accessed June 30, 2012.Wilga, C. D. and Motta, P. J. 2000. Durophagy in Sharks: Feeding Mechanics of the Hammerhead Sphyrna tiburo. The Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 2781ââ¬â2796. owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-61954324157801760112020-02-15T00:34:00.001-08:002020-02-15T00:34:03.264-08:00Free Speech Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsFree Speech - Term Paper Example sidered as spreading hate and ridiculing the homosexuals, this decision was based on the isolation of specific content from each of the flyers that were distributed. The tribunal then charged Mr.Whattcott and the Christian truth activists for distribution of the flyers and also because this promoted hatred against homosexuals. It was also decided that Mr. Whatcott will pay $2,500 to one of the complainant and $5,000 to the rest of the three (Canlii.org). However, when the case was appealed again, it was over turned in the year 2010 because it was decided that most of the contents of the flyers were within the constitution and that although it did break the laws of free speech and religion, but it was within the limits of the constitution. According to the court, the two anti-gay flyers were actually a representation of the hate speech and hence it reestablished the Saskatcewanââ¬â¢s tribunal finding and the fines that were decided by the court previously. However, the court decided that the other two flyers did not contain any expressions or speech that could expose or hurt the homosexuals (CBC News Canada). This case serves as one of the few examples that help differentiate between the thin line that exists between freedom of speech and hate crime. The decision made by the Supreme Court was actually justified and correct as the act lies in accordance with Canadaââ¬â¢s hate crime law. Talking about the hate crime, According to the criminal code of Canada, hate crime is any act that inflicts harm, terror or threatens a group of people who practice a certain religion or follow certain beliefs or customs. Hate crime law is generally used when the victims are subjected to violence because of who they are and this may include any acts of physical or mental harassment or the application of physical force or threat to that specific group of people, an individual or even a property (CBC News Canada). The section 14(1)b of Saskatchewan human rights code also states that no owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-30541934180060592402020-02-02T02:37:00.001-08:002020-02-02T02:37:03.137-08:00Write how Jamaica Kincaid uses satire, sarcasm, irony, and similes in EssayWrite how Jamaica Kincaid uses satire, sarcasm, irony, and similes in her book, A Small Place - Essay Example ng, a piece of rubbish pausing here and there to gaze at this and taste that, and it will never occur to you that the people who inhabit the place in which you have just paused cannot stand you, that behind their closed doors they laugh at your strangeness. [Kancaid 17] Kincaid see them as people who are quite insensitive. Kincaid also ironically criticizes the English empire by stating that the English came to rescue Antigua. On the other hand, it is clear that she does not appreciate the invasion by the ââ¬ËWhite menââ¬â¢ (Kincaid 30). Kincaid sarcastically refers to tourists as ugly and fat. She refers to them as ugly due to the way they use poor people for their pleasure. She sees their bodies as fat exposed at the beach. According to her, the scarcity of rainfall is a necessity for the people of Antigua while this acts as an attraction to the tourists. She sees it as that, a tourist would enjoy a clear sky without rainfall not caring what effects it would have on the natives of Antigua. On the other hand, she seems to think that tourists romanticize on the poor state of living of the poor, seeing their poor homes and tattered clothing as picturesque. According to Kincaid, tourists see their pit toilets as pleasing to the eye (Kincaid 17). Kincaid criticizes the colonial education while she herself is a product of the same. She satirically claims that the young people of Antigua are not as educated as she was in her days. She clearly states that, they are poorly spoken, ignorant and have devoted themselves to the American lifestyle. She criticizes their school system claiming that, the same British government that once colonized them has taken over their culture and brainwashed the people of Antigua. Kincaid feels bad that the people of Antigua now admire the people who ones colonized them. Kincaid openly criticizes the reader claiming that, the reader also has taken part in the moral ugliness of the tourism. She clearly enjoys having the reader feel very owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-83918066648821396802020-01-24T22:58:00.001-08:002020-01-24T22:58:03.614-08:00seatbelt :: essays research papers Internet File Sharing and the Music Industry Imagine millions of songs accessible in one place. Today songs are just a few clicks away since the introduction of the internet and file sharing. File sharing is simply taking a file and allowing other internet users to download and use the file permanently. The accessibility and use of file sharing programs has devastated the music industry financially. The fact that almost every song recorded today is accessible through a free program encourages most consumers to download rather than buy. This is why illegal file sharing programs are driving the music industryââ¬â¢s profits down. The making of MP3ââ¬â¢s allows internet users to share and distribute songs quickly and easily. The letters MP are short for MPEG, which stands for Moving Picture Experts Group. The 3 stands for the third compression method that Dr. Karlkeinz Brandenburg, at the Frainhofer Institute, developed. ââ¬Å"Rippingâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Burningâ⬠is taking an original song or songs from a CD or other music source and compressing it to the small MP3 format. This method ingeniously removes all of the sounds and frequencies that the human ear cannot hear to eventually end up with a file that is about one tenth of the original size yet lack no noticeable quality (PC Complete 688-693). Now that the file is compressed, it is ready to do many new things that it could not do before. One of these is to be transferred over the internet. The conflict that arises from this is when people compress copyrighted music into the MP3 format and make it available to anyone on the internet (PC Complete 694) . This is called ââ¬Å"file sharingâ⬠, and it is a major topic of debate among the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), who seeks total control of its copyrighted material. The most popular form of exchanging music on the internet is known as file sharing. File sharing occurs after the music has been converted to smaller MP3 format. The smaller format allows the files to be downloaded, transferred, or copied in just a matter of seconds. The most popular file sharing program until a couple of years ago was Napster. Napster was a file sharing program that essentially gave birth to the file sharing industry. A federal lawsuit was filed against Napster for copyright violation. The federal court ruled Napster must remove any copyrighted material that had previously been available. owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-83529322382854785062020-01-16T19:21:00.001-08:002020-01-16T19:21:02.471-08:00New Government Accounting Systems EssayDonââ¬â¢t snoop. Not only does going through your roommatesââ¬â¢ belongings violate their privacy, but it can also destroy the trust between the two of you if they find out. Have a place to put your own mail, personal photos and other items that you donââ¬â¢t want your roommate going through to avoid conflict over privacy issues. Personal Items According to Huffington Post, borrowing personal items is a main cause for tension between roommates. Refrain from borrowing anything without your roommatesââ¬â¢ permission, and donââ¬â¢t allow your guests to touch or borrow anything of theirs, either. If you do obtain permission, return the item promptly and in the same condition that you borrowed it. If you break it or damage it, replace it. Noise Levels Peace and quiet at home is important whether you are a college student or a working professional. It can be difficult to concentrate in an environment that is constantly loud and boisterous. Agree on set ââ¬Å"quiet timesâ⬠in your household and respect them. Respect Always respect your roommate. If they arenââ¬â¢t somebody that you already know well, take the time to get acquainted with them. ââ¬Å"Your roommate may or may not be your friend,â⬠says Huffington Post, ââ¬Å"but he or she will be your business partner. Treat that person with tact and consideration at all times. Finances As business partners and house mates, it is important to be up-front with your roommate about finances. If something happens and you are unable to make the rent, let them know. Your financial health can directly impact their living situation. Consider having the rent automatically debited from the account to prevent any mishaps and split all bills in half. Work with your roommate to set up a financial plan in advance to avoid problems from occurring that may jeopardize your living situation. Socializing If you are the type of person to have a lot of company or indulge in social drinking or smoking at home and your roommate is not, this can be a source of contention between the two of you. Discuss this issue in advance. Set some ground rules for social visits, parties and such and follow them. owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-7359393600742913542020-01-08T15:43:00.001-08:002020-01-08T15:43:04.415-08:00Examples of Informalization in English In linguistics, informalization is the incorporation of aspects of intimate, personal discourse (such as colloquial language) into public forms of spoken and written communicationà is called informalization. Its also called demotization. Conversationalization is a key aspect of the more general process of informalization, though the two terms are sometimes treated as synonyms. Some linguists (most notably discourse analyst Norman Fairclough) use the expression border crossing to describe what they perceive as the development in post-industrialized societies of a complex range of new social relationships, with behavior (including linguistic behaviour) . . . changing as a result (Sharon Goodman, Redesigning English, 1996). Informalization is a prime example of this transformation. Fairclough further describes informalization as such: The engineering of informality, friendship, and even intimacy entails a crossing of borders between the public and the private, the commercial and the domestic, which is partly constituted by a simulation of the discursive practices of everyday life, conversational discourse. (Norman Fairclough, Border Crossings: Discourse and Social Change in Contemporary Societies. Change and Language, ed. by H. Coleman and L. Cameron. Multilingual Matters, 1996) Characteristics of Informalization Linguistically, [informalization involves] shortened terms of address, contractions of negatives and auxiliary verbs, the use of active rather than passive sentence constructions, colloquial language and slang. It can also involve the adoption of regional accents (as opposed to say Standard English) or increased amounts of self-disclosure of private feelings in public contexts (e.g. it can be found in talk shows or in the workplace). (Paul Baker and Sibonile Ellece, Key Terms in Discourse Analysis. Continuum, 2011) Informalization and Marketization Is the English language becoming increasingly informal? The argument put forward by some linguists (such as Fairclough) is that the boundaries between language forms traditionally reserved for intimate relationships and those reserved for more formal situations are becoming blurred. . . . In many contexts, . . . the public and professional sphere is said to becoming infused with private discourse. . . . If the processes of informalization and marketization are indeed becoming increasingly widespread, then this implies that there is a requirement for English speakers generally not only to deal with, and respond to, this increasingly marketized and informal English, but also to become involved in the process. For example, people may feel that they need to use English in new ways to sell themselves in order to gain employment. Or they may need to learn new linguistic strategies to keep the jobs they already have--to talk to the public, for instance. In other words, they have to become producers of promotional texts. This can have consequences for the ways in which people see themselves.(Sharon Goodman, Market Forces Speak English. Redesigning English: New Texts, New Identities. Routledge, 1996) The Engineering of Informality in Conversationalization and Personalization [Norman] Fairclough suggests that the engineering of informality (1996) has two overlapping strands: conversationalization and personalization. Conversationalization--as the term implies--involves the spread into the public domain of linguistic features generally associated with conversation. It is usually associated with personalization: the construction of a personal relationship between the producers and receivers of public discourse. Fairclough is ambivalent toward informalization. On the positive side, it might be viewed as part of the process of cultural democratization, an opening up of the elite and exclusive traditions of the public domain to discursive practices which we can all attain (1995: 138). To counterbalance this positive reading of informalization, Fairclough points out that the textual manifestation of personality in a public, mass media text must always be artificial. He claims that this sort of synthetic personalization only simulates solidarity, and is a strate gy of containment hiding coercion and manipulation under a veneer of equality. (Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007) Media Language Informalization and colloquialization have been well documented in the language of the media. In news reportage, for example, the past three decades have seen a definite trend away from the cool distancing of traditional written style and towards a kind of spontaneous directness which (though often contrived) is clearly supposed to inject into journalistic discourse some of the immediacy of oral communication. Such developments have been quantified in textual analysis; for instance, a recent corpus-based study of editorials in the British quality press in the twentieth century (Westin 2002) shows informalization as a trend persisting through the twentieth century, and accelerating towards its end. (Geoffrey Leech, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair, and Nicholas Smith, Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge University Press, 2010)In an experimental study, Sanders and Redeker (1993) found that readers appreciated news texts with inserted free indirect thoughts as m ore lively and suspenseful than text without such elements, but at the same time evaluated them as less suitable for the news text genre (Sanders and Redeker 1993). . . . Pearce (2005) points out that public discourse, such as news texts and political texts, is influenced by a general trend towards informalization. Characteristics include, in Pearces view, personalization and conversationalization; linguistic markers of these concepts have become more frequent in news texts over the last fifty years (Vis, Sanders Spooren, 2009). (Josà © Sanders, Intertwined Voices: Journalists Modes of Representing Source Information in Journalistic Subgenres. Textual Choices in Discourse: A View from Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by Barbara Dancygier, Josà © Sanders, Lieven Vandelanotte. John Benjamins, 2012) owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-37489537961695901322019-12-31T12:09:00.001-08:002019-12-31T12:09:02.427-08:00Biography of William Wordsworth - 2029 Words Throughout history, there have numerous poets who have had grand influences on the future of literature. Many poets have different writing styles and themes, but nevertheless, they often share various similarities within their work. Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Keats can be seen as some of the most comparable people in both their personal lives and literary works. There are three specific poems, one from each poet that can be related to one another. There is: Wordsworthââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbeyâ⬠, Keatsââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Ode on a Grecian Urnâ⬠and Tennysonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"In Memoriam, A.H.H.â⬠Wordsworth, Keats, and Tennyson never rationalize, argue, or preach; they carefully craft every word to maximize a readerââ¬â¢s understanding of the experience by absorbing the reader into the poem itself. Each poem has various philosophical truths that the reader has to ultimately discover on his or her own and learn about immortality and the effects of it upon human perception. Even though these poets differ in their messages, their styles and themes of writings can be linked together. William Wordsworth was born in 1770 and was a Romantic poet that helped launch the era of Romanticism in English literature. Wordsworthââ¬â¢s mother died when he was a young child and this experience had a significant amount of influence in his later literary works. Wordsworth studied at St. Johnââ¬â¢s College in Cambridge, but before he graduated, he went to tour Europe, which in turn shaped and influenced his writingsShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blakes Influence Of Literature1303 Words à |à 6 PagesWilliam Blake William Blakeââ¬â¢s poetry was heavily influenced by the Christian Bible, which is quite uncommon for the English Romantic poets. In fact, he is even known as the final religious poet of Britain. This tendency toward using the Bible in his literature derived from his avid reading of this holy book during his childhood. There is little information about any other schooling he might have had outside of reading this book. However, his writing was unique from other Christian writings as heRead MoreLiterary Analyisis- She Was a Phantom of Delight Essay1537 Words à |à 7 Pagesnineteenth century. This is where William Wordsworth began to shine his talents of astonishing poetry. One poem in particular is written for his wife, Mary, ââ¬Å"She Was a Phantom of Delightâ⬠. The goal of this paper is to explain how the Romantic Era influenced William Wordsworth in his poem, ââ¬Å"She Was a Phantom of Delightâ⬠. To begin, ââ¬Å"She Was a Phantom of Delightâ⬠was written by, William Wordsworth. He was born April 7, 1770, Cockermouth, Cumberland, England. Wordsworth early learned to love nature, includingRead MoreNature and the Free Flow of Emotion1230 Words à |à 5 PagesWilliam Wordsworth said, ââ¬Å"Come forth into the light of things, let nature be your teacherâ⬠(Brainy Quote). According to the poet, we can gain all the knowledge necessary in life from nature. Wordsworthââ¬â¢s poem, ââ¬Å"The World Is Too Much With Us,â⬠can best be interpreted to mean that people have become too wrapped up in worldly things and have lost all appreciation for what nature has to offer. William Wordsworth was born April 7, 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumberland in Englandââ¬â¢s Lake District which is whyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Life Of William Wordsworth By John Worthen1086 Words à |à 5 PagesThe second and final work I am critiquing is from a book entitled, ââ¬ËThe Life of William Wordsworth: A Critical Biographyââ¬â¢ written by John Worthen. I have selected a chapter which pairs nicely with article mentioned above. The chapter features both Wordsworth and Coleridge as well. However, it is not as critical as the article, it is more biographical and informational which is to be expected in a biography. The chapter focuses on the years 1806 to 1807. It begins with the mention of the death ofRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth s I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud ``1197 Words à |à 5 Pages(Insert teacher name) William Wordsworth Research Paper In 1770 a historic icon was born. His name was William Wordsworth. Wordsworth lived a long and successful life which included his primary occupation as a poet. He did some things with poetry that have never been done before; such as introducing romanticism poetry. His famous poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud helped him become the poet laureate in 1843 which he held until his death (1850). When William Wordsworth starts to age andRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth and John Keats Essay1170 Words à |à 5 Pagesof nature. In this essay I will be discussing two romantic writers, William Wordsworth and John Keats along with their views of nature that are embedded within their works. Since both writers are no longer living, Iââ¬â¢ve decided to select two pieces by each writer and interpret how each writer feels about nature, and from my conclusions I will be comparing and contrasting their individual views. From Wordsworth Iââ¬â¢ve chosen his ââ¬Å"It is a beauteous eveningâ⬠and his ââ¬Å"The World isRead MoreA Treatise Of Human Nature By David Hume1472 Words à |à 6 PagesUp until the time when William Blake, William Wordsworth, and David Hume put pen to paper, the most revolutionary lines of thought regarding science and philosophy came from Isaac Newton and John Locke who described humans as passive receivers of a world of set laws ruling passive atoms. Hume pushes this popular understanding of the self to the brink and ends up claiming that one can never comprehend the self. Blake and Wordsworth both vehemently disagree with Hume and believe the self is knowableRead MoreThe Tables Turned By William Wordsworth Analysis1389 Words à |à 6 Pagesreflection of the authorââ¬â¢s beliefs and the Romantic Movement as a whole? William Wordsworth uses an emphatic voice in his poem ââ¬Å"The Tables Turnedâ⬠(Wordsworth, 1798) The image that the title itself evokes is of school children turning over their desks and leaping out the door into the woods. In it he urges the reader to reject the conventional paths to knowledge and instead to study in Natures schoolroom. Wordsworth asserts that we should ââ¬Å"quit our booksâ⬠and that they are the cause of all ourRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth Essay1942 Words à |à 8 PagesWilliam Wordsworth was born on April 7, 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumberland, England. He grew up surrounded by beautiful scenery. He was very close to his sister, Dorothy Wordsworth. (William Wordsworth Biography. NotableBiographies.com N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb 2012. http://www.notablebiographies.com/We-Z/Wordsworth-William.html.) His sister led the way for him to love nature by showing him its beauty. His mom died when he was eight years old and then his father died when he was thirteen years oldRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth And Samuel Taylor Coleridge2057 Words à |à 9 PagesWilliam Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are two extremely significant poets from their time. The two were famous during the Romantic Age and have remained popular names in the world of literature since then. While the subjects of their writing are different, they both focus on the beauty of nature and the ââ¬Å"simpleâ⬠things in life. The Romantic Age stresses the importance of Mother Nature, adventure, passion, love, and even imagination. In the article, ââ¬Å"Wordsworth, Coleridge, and the Healing owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-17432289735662792672019-12-23T07:55:00.001-08:002019-12-23T07:55:04.362-08:00Setting Analysis and Symbolism of Wuthering Heights by... Setting Analysis and Symbolism of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte uses the setting of the English Moors, a setting she is familiar with, to place two manors, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The first symbolizes mans dark side while the latter symbolizes an artificial utopia. This 19th century setting allows the reader to see the destructive nature of love when one loves the wrong person. The manor Wuthering Heights is described as dark and demonic. In the English moors, winter lasted three times as long as summer and the Heights and the land adjacent to it can be compared to winter, while Thrushcross Grange can be described as the summer. Bronte describes the Heights as aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Her every need is taken care of. Later, when she is confronted by Heathcliff, she is reminded of Wuthering Heights and begins to miss the place she once was so eager to leave. Catherine begins to see the Grange as superficial and confining, and at first she is only annoyed by this, but eventually the suffocating enclosure causes Catherine to lash out at her husband and all the Grange represents. Catherine, aware of her incestuous attraction to Heathcliff, believes the Grange is destroying her, and because of her disgust of the Grange and her sense of guilt, it does. In the process, Edgar too must suffer Catherines pain because of his love for her. While Wuthering Heights was a symbol of darkness and winter, Thrushcross Grange could only be described as its opposite. Thrushcross Grange can be seen as a happy place that is light and summery. Its inhabitants are blissful and naive. They did not worry or have to fend for themselves because there is always money and servants to wait on them. The inhabitants of the house are ignorant of the cruelties and injustices of the outside world. When Isabella, Edgars sister, marries Heathcliff and is taken to the Heights, she too learns these realities and is destroyed by them. She is imprisoned in the Heights by her husband. Isabell a writes Nelly and describes her depression; Youll not be surprised Ellen, at my feelingShow MoreRelatedUse of Gothic Elements in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1729 Words à |à 7 PagesUSE OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTES ÃâJANE EYRE Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre was published in the middle of the nineteenth century. Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. The Gothic novel was popularised in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and was defined by its use of suspense, supernatural elements, and desolate locations to generate a gloomy or chilling mood. The protagonist of the novel would generallyRead MoreUse of Gothic Elements in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1740 Words à |à 7 PagesUSE OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTES ÃâJANE EYRE Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre was published in the middle of the nineteenth century. Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. The Gothic novel was popularised in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and was defined by its use of suspense, supernatural elements, and desolate locations to generate a gloomy or chilling mood. The protagonist of the novel would generally owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-8649307209584836422019-12-15T04:25:00.001-08:002019-12-15T04:25:04.864-08:00Bio 105 Final Study Guide Free Essays Bio Biology 105 Final Study Guide QUIZ 1: SCIENCE 1. What is science? a. A way of knowing about the natural world using a process designed to reduce the chance of being misled 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio 105 Final Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now List the 8 steps for the process of science: b. Observation: c. Question: d. Literature review: e. Multiple hypotheses: f. Deductions: g. Tests: h. Tentative conclusions: i. Peer review: 3. 3 rules of science: j. maximize sample size k. representative sample l. controlled studies QUIZ 2: SOCIAL TRAPS 4. LL 5. LL 6. LL 7. LL 8. LL 9. LL QUIZ 3: PLATE TECHTONICS 10. Theory of plate tectonics: m. explains earths topography and more 1. What is the underlying mechanism for plate techtonics? n. Convection cells in mantle 12. 5 Plate Boundaries: o. Divergent: rifts, ridges, new oceanic crust p. Ocean-Continent: volcanic mountain chains, trenches q. Ocean-Ocean: volcanic island arcs, trenches r. Continent-Continent: upfolded mountains s. Transform: strike-slip faults 13. What is a hotspot? t. Where a plume of magma comes up and breaks the surface, spewing out lava u. Example: Hawaiian islands 14. Explosive vs. blooping volcanoes: v. Explosive: w. Blooping: 15. how do oceans and continents f orm? x. Oceans: y. Continents: 16. Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur? z. G QUIZ 4: CLIMATE 17. The two main components that affect climate {. Temperature precipitation 18. Rising air vs. Descending air: |. Rising air: cools, holds less water vapor, relative humidity increases, rain increase }. Descending air: heats, holds more water vapor, relative humidity decreases, less rain 19. What is the dew point? ~. The temperature at which relative humidity (water vapor increase) becomes 100% 20. What are 3 causes of precipitation? . Convection ââ¬â when air is heated and rises . Orographic ââ¬â when air rises as it is blown up the side of a mountain . Frontal ââ¬â when air rises as it is pushed up the leading edge of a cold front 21. What 3 major factors affect temperature? . Elevation, latitude, and green house gas concentration in atmosphere 22. What causes the seasons? . 23. 5 degree tilt and the revolution around sun, the angles it hits earth 23. What causes is to be cooler in the SW in winter and warmer in summer? . We are tilted more perpendicular to the sun in the summer 24. List the 4 major causes of deserts: . descending air in Hadley cells . rainshadow effect . cold ocean offshore . being far away from a water source 25. Name and define the levels of organization of the living world from organism through biome: . Organism (individual living things) . Population (group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area at the same time) . Community (all populations occupying a given place) . Ecosystem (community plus the physical environment in a given place and their interactions) . Biome (major type of ecosystem) 26. Name and define the five parts of ecosystem structure . Energy Source (usually sunlight) . Physical Environment (non-living materials) . Producers (organisms that make their own food) Consumers (organisms that eat other living things) . Decomposers (organisms that eat waste matter and dead organisms) 27. What are the advantages and disadvantages of internalizing external costs? . Advantages: redirect economic growth in ways that consider long-term, societal impacts; paying real price lets market regulate. . Disadvantages: difficult to determine external costs; higher prices will allow competitors that donââ¬â¢t internalize external costs to outcompete 28. Differentiate between product and service economy . Product economy focuses on putting out a product that is consumed. A service economy focuses on the service required by the consumer rather than the product (e. g. , leasing rather than selling). 29. Soil profile * surface litter: fresh and partly decomposed organic matter. * topsoil: where most living things and nutrients are. * zone of leaching: where dissolved materials from above move down. * subsoil: accumulated materials from above. * parent material: partially broken down rock, source of minerals and inorganic material in soil. i. bedrock: underlying, unweathered rock. 30. Why are tropical soils not productive for growing crops/cattle in the long run? When vegetation is removed, the thin topsoil decomposes, leaches, and erodes quickly, leaving the hard, red, iron-rich soil that is unproductive (and this only takes a few years) 31. DEFINE: 0 unsa turated zone: upper soil layer that holds both air and water 1 saturation zone: usually lower soil layer where all available pores between soil particles are filled with water 2 water table: the top of the zone of saturation 3 aquifer: groundwater that is economically retrievable 4 recharge area: where water is added to an aquifer 5 discharge area: where water is removed from an aquifer (e. g. , wells, springs, rivers, etc. 6 ground water mining: removing water from an aquifer faster than it is replenished (discharge rate greater than recharge rate). watershed: the land area around a body of water over which water could flow and potentially enter that body of water. 32. Problems with overpumping ground water: . higher costs associated with digging deeper wells and pumping farther up . lower water quality . loss of habitat . subsidence: as water is removed from ground, the soil compacts and the surface sinks which leads to permeneant loss of water holding capacity for aquifer . saltw ater intrusion 33. 34. 35. How to cite Bio 105 Final Study Guide, Essay examples owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-15256280552084594292019-12-07T01:09:00.001-08:002019-12-07T01:09:03.323-08:00Reflective Practice Placement in Nursing Question: Discuss about the Reflective Practice Placement in Nursing. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the essay is to present the reflective account that will describe a stress full situation faced during my practice placement. Driscolls (2000) reflective cycle will be followed to reflect on the practice, as it is considered as a recognized framework that can help to demonstrate ability of the nurse can help to reflect on different practice skills (Howatson-Jones, 2016). Driscolls (2000) reflective cycle is divided in three significant parts that helps to describe a situation, analyze the event and also allows proposing new recommendations for including the learning experience in practice (Bulman Schutz, 2013). I am going to describe the even that and the experience I obtained from it. On my practice placement, I and a nurse had to give the bed bath to a patient of 68 years of age, who suffers from cognitive impairment due to mild dementia. He has limited physical mobility and has the history of falls. Due to the confidentiality issues, patient will be called as Bob in the assignment. I and another nurse had to give bed bath to Bob in the side room. I was worried and not confident about conducting this procedure. But, my co-nurse said that it will easy to conduct if I keep up my confidence and it was important to isolate some patients. He was admitted to the hospital with the compliant of colon inflammation, stomach ache and loose stool. It was found that patient was suffering from Clostridium Difficile. The information about the disease was obtained after sending the sample of the loose stool to the laboratory. Clostridium Difficileis also called as the deadly diarrhea, which causes immens e suffering to the patient can also result in death in the patient with the age of 65 or above (Surawicz et al, 2013). For giving the bed bath to the patient, it is important to gain consent from them. According to Nursing and Midwifery code of professional conduct (2008), the consent and procedure was explained to the patient. Appropriate equipments were collected to perform the task. Since the patient was suffering from Clostridium Difficilehe required to be nursed in isolation. Isolation nurse is the procedure to take the patient to side room, who has been suffering from contagious infectious disease and to prevent the spread of germs and infections to other patient (Gilmartin, Grota, Sousa, 2013). Dignity of the patient was maintained buy only exposing the part that was being cleaned. Since the patient had impaired functionality, I and other nurse assisted him in moving so that his back and buttocks could be cleaned. Proper safety measures were taken according to infection control guideline. Aprons and gloves were used to avoid contamination and coming in contact with contaminated residues (Dougherty Lister, 2011). Unnecessary leaving the equipments in the room after the proc edure was also avoided. According to the Driscoll's modelthe second part of the reflective practice is to analyze my personal feeling about the incident. Throughout carrying out the procedure of isolation nurse and giving bed bath to the patient, I was feeling little worried and confused. I was also anxious because I had never come in direct contact with the patient earlier. It was the first time that I have been in the direct care environment. This was my first experience o bed bath a patient in isolation nurse. But, now I feel that carried out the whole activity correctly with the support of another nurse. I kept the communication going with the patient, while providing him with bed bath. Patient had felt comfortable and happy. However, this incident and experience helped me to learn about the care needs of the older patients. I learned that some of the personal qualities are important to achieve to provide personal care to patients. I also learned to promote autonomy and dignity of the patient, which is very important to provide patient-centered care. In comparison to my colleague my experience was good and new. I felt differently because my colleagues were not new to this experience. This incident also helped me to put the theoretical knowledge into practice that I gained through my course. During this experience I gained the knowledge about isolation nursing and what is the importance of isolation nursing. I also learned that why isolation nursing is important to be applied when patient is suffering from some specific infections that can spread easily (Collins, 2008). At first I did not felt comfortable about isolation, as I had never come across any such infection control procedure. However, the procedure became easy for me when my co-nurse explained me the important of controlling infection through isolation and by using infection control equipments (apron and gloves). I also learned about discarding the waste in the orange clinical waste bags and to maintain hand hygiene. Hand hygiene is very significant for minimizing the risk of patient, visitors and staff members from acquiring healthcare associated infections (Hand Hygiene Policy, 2010). So, it is important to wash hands properly with soap and water before leaving the side room. I would not like to alter anythin g about my experience, as it was very comprehensive and effective. If in future, I have to isolate any patient, so I would be more confident, as I understand the importance of carrying out the infection control prevention procedure in a better manner. I also learned that this procedure was also right for the patient, so if such situation would arise again, I would be more confident and will indulge in carrying out empathetic and light communication with patients to make them feel more comfortable and supportive. I had also felt anxious and apprehensive about conducting this practice, and therefore, I can understand that you might have felt the same. It was also difficult to control the patient with cognitive impairment and receiving their consent. But, you have to remember that these are also individual, who require quality care. So, the procedure which was carried out was appropriate. We both carried out the procedure together and I found that you were a good learner. You carried out the practice in a proper manner as it should be. However, you can improve your practice by feeling more connected to your patient and making conversation with them. Yes, I do believe that such incidents help to reflect our own values and beliefs. Our personal ethics and morals help us to provide appropriate care to the patient and to improve the quality of health care. The duty of care towards patient is the most important aspect that should be followed in nursing practice. I am impressed with the your skills and abilities, as you can significantly respond to patients needs more accurately in future. Bibliography Bulman, C., Schutz, S. (Eds.). 2013.Reflective practice in nursing. John Wiley Sons. Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. (2008). [Accessed: 16 March 2107]. https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx Collins, A. S. (2008). Preventing health careassociated infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia. [Accessed: 16 March 2017] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2683/ Dougherty, L., Lister, S. 2011. The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual for Clinical Procedures Student edition. Gilmartin, H. M., Grota, P. G., Sousa, K. 2013. Isolation: A concept analysis. InNursing forum(Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 54-60). Hand Hygiene Policy. (2010). [Accessed: 16 March 2017] https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/PD2010_058.pdf Howatson-Jones, L. 2016.Reflective practice in nursing. Learning Matters. Surawicz, C. M., Brandt, L. J., Binion, D. G., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Curry, S. R., Gilligan, P. H., ... Zuckerbraun, B. S. 2013. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections.The American journal of gastroenterology,108(4), 478-498. owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-54057932636131999102019-11-29T12:50:00.001-08:002019-11-29T12:50:03.661-08:00Research Paper for History of Bowling free essay sample The original ninepins game became very popular. Because gambling during the game was prevalent in many areas, a law was enacted to prohibit ninepin bowling. A tenth pin was added to create the game of tenpins in order to get around the law. That happend probably between 1820 and 1830. Terms For Scoring Double: Two strikes in a row. Converted split: Knocking pins in a split formation down with the second ball. Frame: Box in which the score is registered on score sheet. Line: A complete game as recorded on the score sheet. Mark: Making either a strike or a spare. Miss: Pins remaining after two balls have been rolled, except in case of a split leave. Open Frame: Frame in which neither a strike nor a spare has been made. Spare: Knocking down all ten pins by rolling two balls. Strike: Knocking all ten pins down with the first ball. Turkey: Three strikes in succession. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper for History of Bowling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Terms For Handling the Ball Grip: Ability to move your fingers in and out of the ball easily and still have a firm hold on the ball. Span: The distance between the thumb and finger holes. Weight: Beginning girls between 10-14 lbs. nd boys between 12-16 lbs. The ability to roll the ball easily and accurately should be considered. Terms For Delivery of Ball Approach: Area on which the bowler takes steps to the foul line and makes his delivery. Backup: Ball that fades to the right as it nears the pins (right-handed player). Brooklyn: A hit to the left of the headpin. Cross Alley: Aiming and rolling the ball directly at the pocket from the right-hand corner or left-hand corner on the leave. Curve: Ball that approaches the pins in a greater arc, usually slower, than a hook ball. Foul Line: Black line which separates the runway and the lane and designates the limit of the bowlers approach. Foul: Act at the foul line not in conformity with the rules. Headpin: Number 1 pin. High: Ball hits full on the head pin. Hook: Ball breaks sharply to the left as it approaches the pins. Leave: Any pins left standing after the first ball has been rolled. Light: Not hitting the pin full enough. Lofting: Throwing the ball too far out on lane due to release from an upright position. Pocket: Space between the one and three or one and two pins. owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-19567011365088908792019-11-25T16:38:00.001-08:002019-11-25T16:38:06.492-08:00Literary analysis of The Handmaids TaleLiterary analysis of The Handmaids Tale ââ¬ËThe Handmaids Taleââ¬â¢ is a feminist novel that highlights the perils of women in a society that has not only dehumanized their status but also made it almost criminal to be a woman. The novel highlights a cruel world where women do not enjoy the freedom of choice. In ââ¬ËThe Handmaids Tale,ââ¬â¢ women are painted as objects for male selfish desires and satisfaction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literary analysis of The Handmaids Tale specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using this law, men have withdrawn all the things that would have otherwise made life worth living for women. In the Republic of Gilead, women are not supposed to read, write or even listen to music. These are luxuries only reserved for men. Women are also denied the natural pleasures such as love and romance. They have seen as objects of male enjoyment something that has no human values other than to make men happy. As such, they liv e in a dystopic world. The story reads like a fictional autobiography. It is told from the first person point of view. However, this story is not just propaganda to highlight gender issues. This is because of its complex characters, setting, and thematic concerns. The male character is torn between remaining loyal to the faith or breaking the law and engaging in the pure pleasure of love and romance. The reader feels that some of the male characters identify with the suffering of the female character but cannot do anything as they are held ransom by the Faith. The novel also seamlessly combines the fundamentals of modern religion with ancient totalitarian regimes of leadership, making it a masterpiece. The complexity of the novel and the ideals it propagates makes it more than a work of fiction because it highlights real issues that affect modern-day societies. To a keen reader, the setting of the novel is very complicated as it combines ancient, modern and post-modernistic issues i n an almost unnoticeable way. Time-wise, the novel is set not so much into the distant future. Geographically, the story happens in a land where the former United States of America lies after a Christian theocratic regime overthrows it. The Republic of Gilead, the resultant state, thus lies within the boundaries of the current United States of America. When the United States of America government is overthrown and democracy replaced by ancient Christian theocracy that borrows heavily from the Old Testament, the reader is thrown back in time to when government hid behind religion to establish oppressive regimes. Still, the novels highlight the use of credit cards, effectively depicting a government desperate to fight pollution and other challenges of the modern world. That a commander rules the country brings the reader into the present day world, a world of absolute dictatorship (Atwood 81). The plight to the handmaids who are engaged to bear children for the commanderââ¬â¢s wive s is symbolic of the biblical Old Testament characters of Rachel and Leah.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that the social setting is not only heavily laden with fundamental Christian ideals but also post modernistic social issues such as population control. The complex nature of the setting, therefore, influences the direction of the story in that it helps the author to sufficiently blend historical and futuristic ideal in a way seen as still relevant to the modern world. The reader can understand the story better upon a closer analysis of the characters. The main character is also the narrator and tells the story from the first person point of view making it more of an autobiography. The narrator, Offred, can be seen as both an objective observer and actor. Telling the story from the first person point of view means that any misinterpretations are avoi ded. As such, the reader is able to get information that is as close to the fact a first-person interpretation of those facts. Because the narrator is the emblem of the plight of all women in this society, telling the tale from the first-person point of view makes it easy for the reader to understand what women go through and at the same time, share in their plight. It also helps to make the story real and eliminates the notion that the story is just mere feministic propaganda (Brians para 10). Offred is best understood from the analysis of her name, the symbolic roles she plays in the novel as the symbol of women suffering. Offred, the protagonist, is kidnapped from her husband and thus separated from her family by this oppressive dynasty. She is brought to the commanderââ¬â¢s house to bear children for his barren wife. Offred is her patronymic name which can be broken down into two names: of and Fred. This indicates that she is of Fred meaning that she belongs to Fred, the comm ander. Offred is seen to change throughout the story from the wife of a peasant to the emblematic figure of women liberation. Her significance is seen through her symbolic birth name June, which in the context of the Republic of Gilead means Mayday, the day the women, will be salvaged from their torment. Her name June thus becomes symbolic of the rà ©sistance that would soon lead to their freedom (Atwood 220). It is possible to develop an understanding of the character from her description of herself. Despite living in a male-dominated world where the power of women has been dramatically curtailed, Offred still manages to maintain a self-awareness of who she is and confidently identifies herself as a woman without any hint that she belongs to any man. She describes her physical attributes that are distinctively feminine. Furthermore, despite living in a world where a woman is just an object of manââ¬â¢s desire Offred is able to strictly maintain the definition of herself as pure ly woman, devoid of any material trappings thus: ââ¬ËI am thirty-three years old. I have brown hair. I stand five seven without shoesââ¬â¢ (Atwood 143). It is this appreciation of herself as a woman coupled with her symbolic name June which makes Offred the emblematic figure of the resistance to male domination.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literary analysis of The Handmaids Tale specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Offred is also the insignia of how women suffer sexually. It is through her experiences that the reader comes to know her strengths as a woman, repressed thoughts and aspirations that she poses regarding intimacy. It is through Offred that the reader is able to see the way women, in general, are degraded as mere tools for menââ¬â¢s sexual gratification. Offred describes her sexual experiences from the first personââ¬â¢s perspective and sees sex in four ways. For her, the sexual experiences tha t women in the Republic of Gilead go through cannot be termed as lovemaking, neither can they be said to be rape as women are not supposed to have right to sex and thus by default should not have the right and the power to refuse. In this case, it is not even within the power of women to refuse sex. Offred says that her sexual encounters with Fred, her master commander, cannot also be termed as copulation either as this means that two people are involved. In real sense, only the commander is involved as her senses, mind, and emotion are not. In her words, sex is seen as degrading, humiliating as well as an emotionless experience as it is only physical and given upon demand from men thus: My red skirt is hitched up to my waist, though no higher. Below it the Commander is fucking. What he is fucking is the lower part of my body. I do not say making love, because this is not what hes doing. Copulating too would be inaccurate because it would imply two people and only one is involved. N or does rape cover it: nothing is going on here that I havent signed up for (Atwood 94). Other than the main character, other characters play significant roles in this story. Even though these characters have individual uniqueness they have been categorized into two main groups: male and female. The male characters are divided into four: The Commander of the Faithful led by Fred, for whom Offred is a handmaid. He is the symbolic male chauvinistic character in the novel. There are also the Eyes, the men who offer intelligence services to the Republic of Gilead rulership, Angels and Guardians of Faith who are the soldiers who fight to protect the republic as well as the Gender Traitors the homosexuals seen as traitors of the Faith and sent to die painfully in the colonies. The relationships between the main character Offred and the men are master-servant kind of relationship. Through this relationship, the reader is able to see the weaknesses rather than the strengths of men. Although the novel presents men as superior and faultless, it is their ability not to procreate (to be infertile) that exposes their weak side. This proves that the notion of men being superior with absolute power over women is false.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Women are the stronger characters as they are the ones who are able to procreate. Offred, as well as other handmaids, are taken from their lawful marriages to procreate for infertile kings (It is unheard of and illegal to declare men as sterile). The commander is seen as sterile by his wife Serena Joy who arranges from Offred to sleep with her driver to give birth for the commander. This experience also presents women as too willing and ready collaborators. Women characters are also divided into two main groups: legitimate and illegitimate. The legitimate women are the wives, maids like Offred, Aunts, Marthaââ¬â¢s and economies. The aunts are seen as stumbling blocks to the freedom of the women. They, like the men, have the luxuries of reading and writing (Atwood 139) and are seen as part of the colony. In one of the most visible oppositions to the liberation of the woman, the aunts tell Offred to stopââ¬â¢ June-ingââ¬â¢ too much: June means mayday liberations (Atwood 220). The handmaids in the house of the commander also give the story from a biblical perspective in reference to some of the biblical figures who took maids to bear children for them when their wives could not. The most effective tool for communication is the use of language. The author uses language creatively as a tool for communication. The author uses modern language words and syntax construction, making the novel seem so deceptively easy to read. Language is used as a very powerful tool for communicating women aspirations for freedom as well as portray the colonial mentality of their men in these societies effectively. The choice of words in describing Offred sexual experiences with the commander shows that the women are emotionally removed from the experience. It also portrays the ability of the woman to communicate their notion about sex, which is far from what men see it be. The author chooses words like copulations, rape, fucking and making love to describe Offredââ¬â¢s pers pectives of sex. These words also portray the author as having a modernistic approach to sex not just as an act of procreation but as a way to express love. Through the tone of language the reader can see that a woman does not see sex as just an act but an expression of love, something devoid in this society (Atwood 94). The authors choice of words like ââ¬Ëunbabiesââ¬â¢ reflect the fears that do exist amongst the women of this society. The authorââ¬â¢s use of dialogue is also as effective as the choice of words. Various dialogues have different effects. However, the most common outcome of the use of dialogues portrays womenââ¬â¢s emotional connection regardless of their individual character. Offredââ¬â¢s prayer said in monologue reflects her fears as a woman, her loss self and of life, and her desire to gain it back (Atwood 286). Although the treacherous Ofglen is the opposite of Offred in character, their dialogue portrays them as sharing in the suffering that all w omen go through (Atwood 285). Furthermore, the telephone conversation that Moira and Offred have prepares the readers for what might occur the woman after the fall of the United States of America. It is also an indication that the woman had a premonition of what was to befall her after the establishment of the Republic of Gilead (Atwood 174). ââ¬ËThe Handmaidââ¬â¢s Taleââ¬â¢ is a story told about the future and the problems that might occur in the world due to technological advancement. As such it is not necessarily a piece of science fiction but speculative fiction, a narration of probable things that might happen in future. It also deviates from the mere feminist propagandist genres as it has a complicated setting, characters, and themes. Even though the novel is an exaggeration, it portrays the fact that women are still oppressed in the modern world. As such the tale is not far fetched as even the male, a reader is able to identify with the oppressed women in the novel a s well as in real life. Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaids Tale. New York: Anchor Books, 1986. Print. Brians, Paul. ââ¬Å"Study Guide to Margaret Atwood: The Handmaids Tale (1986).â⬠1995.à May 24, 2011, https://brians.wsu.edu/2016/10/12/study-guide-to-margaret-atwood-the-handmaids-tale-1986/ owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-30024786411963641972019-11-22T00:02:00.001-08:002019-11-22T00:02:03.174-08:00Theology of Redemption and the Christian Liberty ThesisTheology of Redemption and the Christian Liberty - Thesis Example All of these are grounded on the supposition that Jesus Christ is the son of God that was sent to save humanity. Yet, there are many fundamental differences between these churches that cause social and personal conflicts such as the concept of redemption and the Christian Liberty. This paper will examine those two topics comprehensively. First, this paper will examine how Christianity defines theology and how it is supposed to be achieved. Second it will examine the contextual meaning of Christian Liberty and how its concept affects contemporary social issues. Introduction to Theology of Redemption Literally, redemption means to buy back or repurchase (Wrigth 80). This is clear from the words of the Old Testament, in which the word redemption is used to refer to the ransom of slaves (Green 69). Redemption isnââ¬â¢t a new concept to theology. Several religions have some form of redemption practice or belief. Other religions have a broader meaning for redemption. More often, it is r elated with a person overcoming their shortcomings as a being in order to attain an exemplary position. In Buddhism, for example, giving up attachments to material desires is known as redemption while the Judaic belief system regards redemption as the act of bringing back of Israelites from their exile. Modern Christian theology regards redemption as a form of deliverance from sin which is an important element of salvation. However, the arrival of Jesus Christ provided a whole new meaning to the concept by providing a new context. The supposed betrayal of Adam and Eve became the all-encompassing sin and Jesus Christ was the way out of it (Hladky 108). He presented a greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not made with human hands, that is to say, is not a part of this creation. He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves, thus obtaining eternal redemption. (Hebrews 9:12; Colossians 1:14). Upon Jesus Christââ¬â¢s death, redemption went beyond slaves but it is a lso about salvation from sin. Origenââ¬â¢s Theory of Redemption When we consider the theory of redemption, it isnââ¬â¢t possible to have a discussion without considering the concepts of Origen Adamantius. He is often attributed to controversial notions like universal reconciliation, universal salvation and other heteroclite views but the author Fredrick W. Norris wrote a book The Westminster handbook to Origen in the year 2004 and wrote that such an attribution would be entirely erroneous (Das 157). Origen proclaimed the diversity and radical nature of views about the soul (Deeway 79). He claimed that the soul is infinite with no beginning or end. It can, however, vary in strength depending on the decisions made from the previous life. The previous life will determine oneââ¬â¢s current life. à This concept was widely accepted until Emperor Constantine took over the church in the year 325AD. Much later, the Emperor Justinian condemned this philosophy in 553 AD and the Chu rch has since criticized the basis of Origenââ¬â¢s theory. There is a great debate on whether his parents were actually pagans or Christians because his theories and completed works have always been grounded on debatable claims and concepts (Drane 84). This resulted to a lot of controversies. He became popular but he also had to face some terrible animosity from the Bishop of Alexandria named Demetrius at the time. The story of his dispute with the Valentinian doctrine follower is a well known anecdote and it took place when Origen was preaching at Caesarea Palestinae but he went to Greece to meet the follower of Valentinus Candidus. The doctrine basically indicates that salvation and damnation are owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-9967064139313441252019-11-20T18:31:00.001-08:002019-11-20T18:31:02.991-08:00Argumentative paper on depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsArgumentative paper on depression - Essay Example These feelings may be directed towards people or things they once enjoyed or liked. Now the real question comes up; how can depression be treated? Currently, many experts question how precisely can depression be treated, and they have come up with many different ideologies and theories. The most commonly used kinds of treatment of depression are psychotherapy, administration of anti-depressants and hospitalization. Depression comes in many forms and shapes hence implying different modes of treatment according to the shape and form of the disorder. The different types of depressions have distinctive symptoms, causes, and effects. Being aware of what type of depression is affecting a patient can help to manage these symptoms and get the most effectual treatment. Moods or emotions of the patient change with the environment and experience, sometimes reflecting happiness and in other times reflecting sadness. In emotionally healthy people, moods are controllable, but people with mental depression get controlled by the mood itself in both thoughts and body. Mental depression involves mood disarray characterized by specific symptoms that characteristically occur due to chemical variations in normal brain operation. The most common and enthusiastically identifiable symptom of a depressed individual is sadness, melancholy, or desolation; however, an individual with clinical depression encounter more th an transitory sadness. Oftentimes it is logic of exhaustion or short of any energy at all that indicates the inception of mental depression (Roy 3). Other common symptoms comprise persisting sadness, emptiness or anxiety that may be convoyed by thoughts of victimization, hopelessness, worthlessness and/or helplessness. The person might lose concern in activities that were once traditional or complain of insufficient energy or inability to focus. Physical symptoms that do not resolve despite treatment, feelings and ideations of death or suicide, owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-18092492539091262212019-11-18T19:22:00.001-08:002019-11-18T19:22:03.514-08:00Human Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsHuman Genetics - Essay Example This would make both of his parents Dd genetypes. Bob's sister could either not have the disease at all, DD, or be a carrier, Dd. If she was a carrier she then poses the chance of passing the disease on through child birth. Her father was unaffected, which means he must have been DD, which would make his mother probably Dd, so the chances are equal of Bob's sister being either DD, or Dd, with a fifty percent chance of being either of the genotypes. Both DNA and RNA are made up of different tiny particles of information, often referred to as nucleotides. The nucleotides of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine all make up DNA. In RNA however, Thymine is displaced and Uracil takes its place. It is these four proteins which help make up the coding and information of our bodies. Various proteins can then used these nucleotides, and based on the order they are in, read the information stored there. For example, the order of these nucleotides varies from species to species, and is always different for members of one species to members of another species. The DNA is copied into RNA, which is almost identical to the original coding of the DNA. through the process of transcription the DNA is copied into RNA, which retains almost all of the original information that was held in the DNA. These RNA genes are often composed of both exons and introns. However, only the exons are required for the process of protein synthesis. RNA is then divided into only the parts necessary for coding, the extrons. This leaves us with mRNA. It is then this mRNA that helped guide the process or protein synthesis, or also called translation. The information has all been passed down the chain, leaving mRNA holding all the necessary information for the process and coding for protein synthesis to take place. This process helps shape and build the proteins needed for bodily functions. It is these proteins which help code for different traits and features in humans, be it hair color or eye color, or numerous other traits passed on this way. (http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020757.html) 2. As with any scientific procedure, deciding if you wanted to be tested has both its positives and its negatives. If his father had the disease, it is possible he to will develop the disease. If he is tested he would find out weather or not he actually would develop it. Some people would rather not know this kind of information, and would not like to know if they had a disease that would kill them. Other people, would like to know so they would be ready, and also could help them make decisions about having kids. If it turns out he has the disease, he may decided to not have children as to not risk passing it on. It is a hard moral decision, and has positives and negatives on both sides of the argument. If he wants to know that he might die earlier than expected, but hoped to help his children, he may want to get tested. If he wishes not to know however, it may be better he doesn't get owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-40573169907799776432019-11-16T07:54:00.001-08:002019-11-16T07:54:05.401-08:00Psychological approaches to child developmentPsychological approaches to child development Learning theory comes from the Cognitive, Behaviourist and Social approaches in the field of psychology. Each of these approaches has assumptions that can be used to how it applies its approach to understanding human behaviour. The basic assumptions of the Behaviourist approaches are firstly classical conditioning this is learning through the process of association between a particular stimulus and response. Classical conditioning involves conditioned reflexes: all animals have this reflexive behaviour which is not a conscious control but is a response to a specific stimuli for example a kneejerk reflex will only jerk if is tapped in the correct place while your lower leg is freely swinging this reflex is controlled by the spinal cord and not by the brain this is a straightforward response to the stimuli another example is the production of saliva in response to food when hungry. This was studied in great detail by Pavlov, (1911). Pavlov had been studying the digestive process in dog s, in order to do this he placed dogs in harnesses and set a tube up inside their cheek, he did this so he could measure the rate and production of saliva. He observed that the dogs would start to salivate not only when they were given food but when they first caught sight of the food pail. Pavlov set up many studies to investigate whether or not a dog could learn to associate salivation with another response the ringing of a bell, Pavlov found that after associating the sound of the bell with the presentation of food the dogs would salivate when they heard the bell. The reflex of salivation had become conditioned. Pavlov found there to be a tendency to generalise the learning to other stimuli if a different bell was rang the dogs would still salivate and the more similar the sound of bell was to the original one the stronger the response this is known as the generalisation gradient. Although Pavlov studied dogs it became apparent that it was also a form of human learning. (HayesOre ll, 1996) (Pearce, 1987) Menzies (1937) showed how completely unconscious response could be conditioned response to the sound of a buzzer, the response was vasoconstriction which is the process of blood vessels withdrawing from the surface of the skin in the cold. Menzies got his participants to immerse their hands in a bucket of ice cold water when the buzzer was sounded this would cause vasoconstriction in their hands after a while vasoconstriction would take place when the buzzer sounded even though their hands were not immerged in the water meaning their reflex had been conditioned. This study is important as it illustrates that classical conditioning is nothing to do with our conscious decisions. (HayesOrell, 1996) In 1920 Watson and Rayner performed a conditioning experiment on a little boy who became known as little Albert; He was given a white rat and it was observed that Albert was playful with the rodent he had no fear of it and was even comfortable picking it up. The next time the rat was given to Albert he reacted in the same way but then the psychologists made a loud sound it was so sudden it made little Albert cry they did this on numerous occasions and so finally the mere sight of the rat would make Little Albert cry next they introduced a white rabbit and a Santa Claus mask which also made him cry, Little Albert had been conditioned to cry at the sight of the white rat but during the process had made a connection that anything white and furry would make a loud noise. This experiment gives us an insight into the human mind however this experiment would be unethical in todays standards. (HayesOrell, 1996)(Pearce , 1987) Traditionally, psychologists believed that responses that can be classically conditioned are involuntary responses for example: heart rate changes, gastric motility, sweating, eye blinks and sexual arousal. This is in contrast to operant conditioning, in which voluntary responses are molded through their rewarding and punishing consequence Pavlovs studies demonstrated how animals and humans can acquire new behaviors beyond the rather limited repertoire of their innate reflexes. (Davey, G 1981) Pavlov believed that the conditioned response could explain all kinds of learning. For many years, learning theorists believed that virtually any perceivable neutral stimulus could become a Conditioned Stimulus and that just about any response could be conditioned this view of classical conditioning has been modified as a variety of research studies have identified limitations to animals and humans adaptability through classical conditioning .( Davey 1981) Stimulus generalization allows you to respond to similarities between environmental stimuli, while stimulus discrimination allows you to respond differently to stimuli that have some features in common with other stimuli. You generalize first, and then, through additional experience, you learn which stimuli are functionally similar and which stimuli require different responses. (Hayes, 1994)(McFarland, 1999) Another type of learning is Operant Conditioning which involves learning to repeat or totally stop certain behaviours, although is more complex than classical conditioning it is still a simple form of learning. In 1911 Thorndike argued that some responses were learned not simply because they are associated with a stimulus response but because they had unpleasant consequences. This was known as the law of effect which is the investigation of different types of learning it is now known as operant conditioning the psychologist responsible for developing it was Skinner. Like Pavlov, Skinner investigated learning by using animals he did this because he wanted to study simple forms of learning whereas human learning is generally complicated. By using a Skinner box which is a device that contained simple elements that were needed for learning a response, he would place a hungry animal either a rat or a pigeon into the box and observe their behaviour the box would contain three things a leve r a food delivery chute and a light, as the animal began to move around the box it would eventually press the lever and food would be delivered meaning that the behaviour was being rewarded and would have an affect in reinforcing that behaviour which in turn would make it happen again. (HayesOrell, 1996) (Blackwell Skinner, 1951) Skinner introduced the term operant or operant response to distinguish the responses in operant conditioning from those in classical conditioning. In classical conditioning the conditioned response does not affect whether or when the stimulus occurs. Supernanny uses positive reinforcement and rewards and this is most effective in producing good behaviour. Positive rein forcers are events that strengthen a response if they are experienced after that response occurs. They are roughly equivalent to rewards. For children, positive rein forcers can include food, smiles, money, or other desirable outcomes. The presentation of positive re-enforcers after a response is called positive reinforcement. The process of strengthening behavior by following it with the removal of an aversive stimulus is called negative reinforcement and other desirable outcomes. Negative rein forcers are stimuli such as pain, threats, or a disapproving frown that strengthen a response if they are removed after the response occurs. Whether it takes the form of presenting something pleasant or removing something aversive, reinforcement always increases the likelihood of the behavior that precedes it. (supernanny.com). Developmental psychologists are interested in how parents impact upon a childs development, furthermore sourcing actual cause and effect links between the actions of parents and childrens development can be very difficult. Baumrind (1967) conducted a study on more than 100 preschool age children using naturalistic observation and parental interviews she was able to identify four important dimensions of parenting which are disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication and expectations of maturity and control. Baumrind (1967) stated that the majority of parents display one of four parenting styles which are: Authoritarian parenting which is where the parent controls, shapes and evaluates the attitude and behaviour of a child using strict rules established by the parents they believe in keeping the child in their place. They also do not encourage verbal give and take, believing that the child should accept their word for what is right. Next is the Authoritative parent th ey attempt to direct the childs activities but in a rational, issue-oriented manner. They encourage verbal give and take and share with the child the reasoning. This type of parenting can result in children being obedient but lack happiness and self esteem. The authoritative parent affirms the childs present qualities, but also sets standards for future conduct. These parents want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible. This type of parenting can result in children being happy capable and successful. Permissive parents have very few demands to make on their children the parent consults with the child about decisions and gives explanations as to why they have to be implemented. They avoid control and use reason and manipulation not to overt power but to accomplish mature behaviour permissive parents are nurturing and commutative and are more than a friend than a parent to their children. This parenting style can result in children having low happiness and self esteem but also have problems with authority and sometimes can do poor at school. Finally the uninvolved parent has few demands and has very low responsiveness and communication with their child even though these parents may fulfil their childs basic needs they are more likely to be detached from their childs life in extreme cases this can lead to reject r neglect of their children. This parenting style lacks lowest in all life domains and children lack in self esteem and are less competent. (Baumrind, 1967) The BBC news reported on a study Tough Love is good for children It states a balance of warmth and discipline improved social skills more that an authoritarian or disengaged upbringing. It says children aged five with Tough Love parents were twice as likely to show good character capabilities. However according to the report qualities such as application, self regulation and empathy were more likely to be developed in children whose parents were of the Tough Love category, it found that these qualities make a vital contribution to life chances and opportunity. The building character data came from more than 9000 households in the United Kingdom, it found that children from the richest backgrounds were twice as likely to develop key characteristics, additionally children whose parents were married were also twice as likely to show such traits than children from lone parent or step-families., it added that when parental style and confidence were tailored in the difference in child char acter development between richer and poorer families disappeared. They recommended that the governments sure start programme should be refocused for the use as a tool in early intervention and urge for more information and support for families and children with disengaged or low income parents. This report concluded that it indicated that parenting was the most important influence. (BBC News) One could argue that no matter what parenting style is given throughout childhood it reflects on a childs decision making attitude and behaviour, and has a great impact on a childs development. After learning about parenting styles on child development it is apparent that all parents should simply use the authoritative parenting style after all it is more likely to produce happy confident and capable children. The theories that Freud studied stressed the importance of childhood experiences, according to Freud child development is described as a series of psychosexual stages Freud outlined these stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency period, and genital. Each stage involves the satisfaction of a libidinal desire and can later play a role in adult personality. Erickson developed Freuds theories on development throughout human lifespan. Erikson believed that each stage of development is focused on overcoming a conflict. Theorist Jean Piaget suggested that children think differently than adults. Piagets stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. In Piagets view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses into changes in mental operations. Piagets focus on qualitative development had an important impact on education, although he did not specifically apply his theory to education but has been used in that children should taught at the level for which they are developmentally prepared. A criticism of Piaget is his research methods in he used his own three children for his experiments, other children in Piagets small research sample were all from well-educated professionals of high socio-economic status. Because of this unrepresentative sample, it is difficult to generalise his findings to a larger population and research has shown that Piagets argument that all children will automatically move to the next stage of development as they mature. Some data found shows that environmental factors may play a role in the development of formal operations. (About.com) Social learning theory is occurs within social context and is observational learning, imitation and modelling meaning people observe learning behaviour of others. Behaviourists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behaviour; in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone. Social learning theory has become increasingly cognitive in its interpretation of human learning. Awareness and expectations of reinforcements or punishments have a major effect on behaviours that people display. There is also a transition between behaviourist learning theories and cognitive learning theories. The environment reinforces and punishes modelling. Much behaviour can be learned through modelling: Aggression can be learned through models. Much research indicates that children become more aggressive when they observed aggressive or violent models. Moral thinking and moral behaviour are influenced by observation and modelling, in cluding moral judgments regarding right and wrong. Bandura (1961) designed a study which he named the Bobo Doll experiment, His study used three groups of children the first being the control group which did not include an adult. The other two groups included adult actors with one group being exposed to an adult displaying verbal and physical aggressive behaviour to an inflatable doll and the other witnessing a passive adult, Bandura (1961) found that the group of children who were exposed to the adult showing aggression were more likely to demonstrate the same behaviour when left alone in a room to play than those whose groups had a passive adult or no adult at all, The three groups were also divided equally between boys and girls and the results also showed that boys were three times more likely to imitate the physical aggressive behaviour than girls, although it was discovered that the level of imitative verbal aggression was about the same for males and females in the group, Bandura (1961) demonstrates that children have a tenden cy to imitate the behaviour of an adult role model so are acting in the same manner that an adult does.(Shuttleworth,2008) However there are extreme examples that show that a human child will imitate the behaviour of whatever it comes into contact with the most, exposure to a model behaving aggressively results in observational learning and aggressive behaviour. Refs http://www.betterlucktomorrow.com/character_sites/steve/Little%20Albert.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/childdevtheory.htm Shuttleworth, M. (2008). EXPERIMENT-RECOURCES : Online. Available: http://www.experiment-resources.com/bobo-doll-experiment.html#Hypothesis [Accessed: 15/10/09] Davey, G (1981) Animal Learning and Conditioning MacMillan Press. Hayes, N. (1994) Principles of Comparative Psychology Lawrence Erlbaum. Martin, P. Bateson, P. (1993) Measuring Behaviour (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press McFarland, D. (1999) Animal Behaviour (3rd ed.) Longman Pearce J.M. (1987) An Introduction to Animal Cognition Lawrence Erlbaum Ridley, M. (1995) Animal Behaviour: a concise introduction (2nd Ed.) Blackwell Skinner, B.F. (1951) How to Teach Animals Scientific American December 1951 pp http://www.supernanny.com/Advice/-/Supernanny-techniques/-/Discipline-and-reward.aspx http://www.devpsy.org/teaching/parent/baumrind_styles.html http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/h owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-127342064635276083.post-3127796455276445812019-11-13T20:24:00.001-08:002019-11-13T20:24:03.371-08:00Horror of War Exposed in Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the WesterHorror of War Exposed in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front is one of the greatest war novels of all time. It is a story, not of Germans, but of men, who even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war. The entire purpose of this novel is to illustrate the vivid horror and raw nature of war and to change the popular belief that war has an idealistic and romantic character.à The story centers on Paul Baà ¼mer, who enlists in the German army with glowing enthusiasm.à In the course of war, though, he is consumed by it and in the end is "weary, broken, burnt out, rootless, and without hope"à (Remarque page #). à à à à à à à à à à à Through Baà ¼mer, Remarque examines how war makes man inhuman. He uses excellent words and phrases to describe crucial details to this theme. "The first bomb, the first explosion, burst in our hearts," (page #). Baà ¼mer and his classmates who enlisted into the army see the true reality of the war.à They enter the war fresh from school, knowing nothing except the environment of hopeful youth and they come to a premature maturity with the war, their only home. "We were eighteen and had begun to love life and the world; and we had to shoot it to pieces.à We are not youth any longer" (page #).à They have lost their innocence.à Everything they are taught, the world of work, duty, culture, and progress, are not the slightest use to them because the only thing they need to know is how to survive.à They need to know how to escape the shells as well as the emotional and psychological torment of the war. à à à à à à à à à à à The war takes a heavy toll on the soldiers who fight in it. The terror of death will infest the minds of soldiers... ...as they dread wound and death.à They have nothing to look forward to but years of rage.à They have experienced the horrors of war but have not experienced the enjoyments of life.à They will be pushed aside and forgotten and the years will pass, and in the end they will fall into ruin. à à à à à à à à à à à All Quiet on the Western Front tries to explain the purpose of war and its uselessness.à It is a story of an almost obliterated generation that fought for nothing but the principle of hate.à Change the names, and it could have been the tale of a Frenchman, an Englishman, or an American.à It is perhaps the most tragic generation our human records tell of.à It bears the overwhelming accent of simple truth that makes you one wonder why war still exists. Work Cited Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. Trans. A. W. Wheen. New York: Ballantine, 1982. owavpreheas1987http://www.blogger.com/profile/17076737173665807838noreply@blogger.com0